Pharm Test 3= Meds & Side Effects

Front 1

What are Common types of med reactions/ PREDICTABLE reactions:

Back 1

-Desired effect: what you want to happen
-Systemic: throughout the body & organs
-Localized effect: restricted to 1 area, ie. topical meds, eyes, nose
-Side Effect: occurs inaddition to the desired effect, predictable
-Tolerance Effect:
-Cumulative Effect:
-Toxic effect: may be caused by excessive dose, but can also occur at therapeutic dose levels

Front 2

What are UNPREDICTABLE med reactions?

Back 2

Unpredictable meds: less common, not dose related, caused by unique of individual response by a client to a med

-Adverse effects

Front 3

ADVERSE EFFECT:

Back 3

-side effects that are more severe
-effects may be controllable, problematic or dangerous
-reason some drugs may be contraindicated in some pts

Front 4

DERMATOLOGICAL Adverse reaction:

Back 4

-rash
-urticaria
-exfoliative dermatitis

Front 5

Rash:

Back 5

-temporary eruptions of the skin

Front 6

URTICARIA:

Back 6

-vascular reaction of the skin w/ a transient appearance of slightly elevated patches, (WHEALS, HIVES)
-PRURITUS: severe itching

Front 7

EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS:

Back 7

-rash w/ scaling (skin falls off in flakes)
-severe adverse reaction
-systemic effects

Front 8

ie. of Systemic Effects include:

Back 8

-fever
-enlarged/inflammed lymph nodes
-enlarged liver
-HA

Front 9

Types of meds causing PHOTOSENSITIVITY?

Back 9

*tell pt to Protect their EYES & wear SUNBLOCK*

-some diuretics (lasix)
-some antidepressants/antipsychotics
-some antimicrobials (tetracyclines, sulfa meds)
-accutane (acne)

Front 10

STOMATITIS:

Back 10

-inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth

Front 11

Nursing Assessment for STOMATITIS?

Back 11

s/s include:
-swollen gums
-inflaammed gums (GINGIVITIS)
-swollen tongue (GLOSSITIS)
-difficulty swallowing (DSYPHAGIA)
-bad breath (HALITOSIS)
-pain in mouth & throat

Front 12

HALITOSIS

Back 12

bad breath

Front 13

DSYPHAGIA:

Back 13

-difficulty swallowing

Front 14

INTERVENTIONS for STOMATITIS:

Back 14

-Increase fluid intake
-mouth care w/ non-irritating solutions: soft toothbrush, No mouthwash w/ alcohol

Front 15

MEDICATIONS used as interventions for STOMATITIS:

Back 15

-Carafate susp
-Xylocaine Viscous
-MOM
-Kaopectate= for diarrhea
-lotrimin troche= antifungal
-benadryl= decreases inflammation
-magic mouthwash

Front 16

SUPERINFECTIONS:

Back 16

-New infection occuring in a pt having a pre-existing infection
-normal flora destroyed
-opportunistic infection: common cause of superinfection (chemotherapy, antibiotics)
-

Front 17

OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS:

Back 17

-occurs because of a weakened immune system.
ie. AIDS patient

Front 18

Assessment for SUPERINFECTIONS:
(places where they can occur?)

Back 18

-GI TRACT=
Mouth- thrush: candida albicans
Intestines- colitis: C Difficile
-VAGINAL: yeast infection
-SKIN

Front 19

TREATMENT FOR SUPERINFECTIONS:

Back 19

-Antifungals
mycostain (nystatin) oral suspension & vaginal creams
Gyne-Lotrimin
-Yogurt
-Milk w/ lactobacillus acidophilus (hrd notes)

Front 20

BLOOD DYSCARIAS:

Back 20

-pathologic condition of the blood, usually referring to an imbalance of the cellular elements of the bld (wbc, rbc, plts)
-forms or occurs b/c of a problem in the bone marrow

Front 21

Function of BONE MARROW:

Back 21

1. FORMS:
-erthrocytes (rbc)
-Leukocytes (wbc)
-Thrombocytes (plts)
2. bone marrow cells are rapidly proliferating (growing/rapid process)
3. many meds will suppress bone marrow

Front 22

BONE MARROW depression results in ?

Back 22

1. ANEMIA: decrease in Hgb/Hct
2. LEUKOPENIA and/or NEUTROPENIA= decrease in wbc and neutrophils
3. THROMBOCYTOPENIA: decrease in plts

Front 23

ASSESSMENT for ANEMIA?
(s/s?)

Back 23

-fatigue/tired
-pale
-cold
-decreased RBC, Hgb( carries O2), HCT (packed rbc)

Front 24

Treatment for ANEMIA?

Back 24

-Fe (po, im, iv)
-blood tranfusion

-rest, warm clothing (hrd notes)

Front 25

ASSESSMENT for LEUKOPENIA:

Back 25

(WBC < 4,000)- hrd notes
-Fever
-Chills
-ulcers in mouth, vagina, rectum

Front 26

Treatment for LEUKOPENIA/NEUTROPENIA(decrease neutrophils)

Back 26

-protective isolation
-handwashing
-stay away from crowds
-no fresh flowers
-canned fruit

Front 27

STOMATITIS:

Back 27

-inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth

Front 28

Nursing Assessment for STOMATITIS?

Back 28

s/s include:
-swollen gums
-inflaammed gums (GINGIVITIS)
-swollen tongue (GLOSSITIS)
-difficulty swallowing (DSYPHAGIA)
-bad breath (HALITOSIS)
-pain in mouth & throat

Front 29

HALITOSIS

Back 29

bad breath

Front 30

DSYPHAGIA:

Back 30

-difficulty swallowing

Front 31

What effect does THROMBOCYTOPENIA, have on the body?

Back 31

-potential risk for Bleeding

Front 32

ASSESSMENT for THROMBOCYTOPENIA?

Back 32

-hematuria (bld in urine)
-bleeding gums
-epistaxis (nose bleeds)
-bruises

(decrease in plt count- <150,000)

Front 33

Treatment for THROMBOCYTOPENIA:

Back 33

-bleeding precautions: (RANDI)
R- Razor (only electric)
A- ASA (NO asa)
N- Needles (small gauge)
D- decrease needle sticks
I- protect for Injury

Front 34

When does a nurse IMPLEMENT bleeding precautions?

Back 34

-taking anticoagulants
-liver disease is present
-platelet < 150,000
-hemophilia is present (bld d/o: free bleeder) - hrd notes
-taking thrombolytic meds: clot blusters( stroke patients)

Front 35

Sensory Effects: OCULAR TOXICITY/RETINOPATHY(central vision is lost first)

Back 35

-bld vessels in eye are very tiny (hrd notes)
-referred to as "end arteries" (hrd notes)
-some drugs will deposit in these tiny arteries

Front 36

Assessment for OCULAR TOXICITY/RETINOPATHY:

Back 36

-blurred vision
-color vision change
-corneal damage
-blindness

tx- eye exams (yearly) or d/c meds

Front 37

OTOTOXICITY:

Back 37

-damage to CN VIII (auditory)

Front 38

Assessment for OTOTOXICITY:

Back 38

-dizziness
-tinnius (ringing in ears)
-loss of balance
-loss of hearing

(hrd notes)