Pharm Test 3 Ch. 34 Antihyperlipidemic Drugs

Front 1

____ is a disorder in which lipid deposits accumulate on the lining of the blood vessels, eventually producing degenerative changes and obstructing blood flow.

Back 1

Atherosclerosis

Front 2

Atherosclerosis is considered to be a major contributor in the development of ____ disease

Back 2

heart

Front 3

___ and the triglycerides are the 2 lipids in our blood

Back 3

cholesterol

Front 4

Serum choleterol levels above ___ mg/dL and triglyceride levels about ___ mg/dL are associated with atherosclerosis

Back 4

240

150

Front 5

Normal cholesterol

Back 5

less than 200mg/dL

Front 6

Normal Triglycerides

Back 6

less than 150 Mg/dL

Front 7

Triglycerides and cholesterol are ____ in water and must be boung to a lipid-containing protein (lipoprotein) for transportation throughout the body

Back 7

insoluble

Front 8

_____-___ ____ transport cholesterol to the peripheral cells.

Back 8

low-density lipoproteins

Front 9

When cells have all the cholesterol they need, the excess is _____ in the blood

Back 9

discarded

Front 10

This penetrates the walls of the arteries, resulting in atherosclerosis ____ formations

Back 10

plaque

Front 11

___-___ ____ take cholesterol from the peripheral cells and transport it to the liver, where it is metabolized and excreted

Back 11

High- density lipoprotein (HDLs)

Front 12

The higher the ____ level, the lower the risk of development of atherosclerosis

Back 12

HDL

Front 13

A laboratory examination of blood lipids, called a _____ ____, provides valuable info on the important cholesterol levels

Back 13

lipoprotein profile

Front 14

What is tested in the lipoprotein profile examination?

Back 14

Total cholesterol

LDL

HDL

triglycerides

Front 15

A normal HDL (healthy)

Back 15

greater than 40mg/dL

Front 16

Normal LDL (lousy)

Back 16

less than 100 mg/dL

Front 17

normal VLDL (very lousy)

Back 17

less than 30mg/dL

Front 18

Risk factors, besides elevated cholesterol levels, that play a role in the development of hyperlipidemia are:

Back 18

Age

Gender (women with menopause, LDL increased)

Family hx of early heart disease

Front 19

During your pre-assessment, you would check?

Back 19

baseline VS

weight and height (BMI)

Health hx (lifestyle, diet, exercise)

Fastine baseline labs

Assess skin and eyelides (Xanthomas)

Front 20

Fasting baseline panels test for

Back 20

liver panel

liver function test

Front 21

liver panels test for:

Back 21

total triglycerides

cholesterol

LDL

HDL

Front 22

liver function test

Back 22

baseline and Q6 months

Front 23

During an ongoing assessment, what would a nurse do?

Back 23

follow up office visits and labs

monitor VS

assess bowel function

Monitor lifestyle changes

dietary consult, as needed

Front 24

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) inhibit production or/and _____ breakdown of cholesterol

Back 24

promotes

Front 25

HMG-CoA inhibitors are referred to as

Back 25

statins

Front 26

HMG-CoA reductase is an enzyme that is a ______

Back 26

catalyst

Front 27

an example of these drugs is:

Back 27

atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Front 28

Common adverse reactions are this:

Back 28

GI symptoms

Front 29

How would a nurse administer Lipitor?

Back 29

Taken PO with evening meal or at HS

do not give to pt with liver disease (hx of ETOH abuse)

pregnancy category X

Front 30

The drug rosuvastatin in higher doses is linked to risk for serious _____ toxicity in certain populations

Back 30

muscle

Front 31

These include patients taking cyclosporine, ____ pts, and patients with severe renal insufficiency.

Back 31

Asian

Front 32

a __ mg dose is available as a starting dose for those who do not require aggressive cholesterol reductions or who have prediposing factors for myopathy

Back 32

5

Front 33

signs and symptoms are unexplained Muscle pain, ___, fever, Coco cola urine

Back 33

weakness

Front 34

Bile Acid Resins, are manufactured and secreted by the liver and stored in the ____, emulsifies fat and lipids as these products pass through the intestine

Back 34

gallbladder

Front 35

The bile acid resins binds to bile acids to form an insoluble substance that cannot be ____ by the intestine, so it is excreted in the feces.

Back 35

absorbed

Front 36

Common adverse reactions for Bile acids are _____, impaction, abdominal cramping, flatulence, nausea

Back 36

constipation

Front 37

Nursing implications interfere with absorption of many other drugs and should be given ___ hour before or ___ hours after other medications

Back 37

1

4

Front 38

Fibric acid derivatives ____ the liver to increase breakdown of LDLs and VLDLs

Back 38

stimulates

Front 39

These drugs ____ synthesis of VLDLs in the liver which will _____ in triglycerides and cholesterol

Back 39

decrease

decrease

Front 40

They also will increase ____ of cholesterol in the feces

Back 40

excretion

Front 41

Fibric acid derivative drug example:

Back 41

gemfibrozil (Lopid)

Front 42

Lopid is used in the Tx of those ______ to dietary modifications with very high triglycerides

Back 42

nonresponsive

Front 43

Common adverse reactions are:

Back 43

GI symptoms

cholescystitis ( inflammation of the gallbladder)

Cholelithiasis (stones in the gallbladder)

Front 44

What are the 2 micellaneous antihyperlipidemic drugs?

Back 44

niacin

ezetimibe

Front 45

Niacin lowers _____ (serum) lipid levels (so they think)

Back 45

blood

Front 46

These are used as adjuvant tx those with ___ ___ triglycerides

Back 46

high serum

Front 47

What are the adverse reactions?

Back 47

GI sx

flushing

itching/tingling

Front 48

The benefit of ____ on CV are the best known and most extensively researched benefits of the herbs

Back 48

garlic

Front 49

Garlic lowers ____ cholesterol and triglyceride levels and lowers ___

Back 49

blood

BP

Front 50

The dose of garlic should be __-___ mg/day for tablet or 1 fresh close of garlic daily

Back 50

600-900

Front 51

the Adverse effect of garlic are mild ___ upset, increased risk of Bleeding when also taking warfarin, and is not recommended for pregnant or lactating women

Back 51

stomach

Front 52

When giving a statin drug, it should be given with ____ meal or at bedtime. They will make pt ____.

Back 52

evening

photosensitive

Front 53

Bile Acid Resin are taken ___ meals, how to prepare powder forms, monitor for GI issues, can stain teeth enamel (liquid forms)

Back 53

before

Front 54

Fibric acid drugs can cause ____ or blurred vision, and notify physician of GI upset.

Back 54

diszziness

Front 55

Misc. preparations like niacin need to be taken with ____ and may cause facial flushing, severe itching, or HA, but sx should subside

Back 55

meals

Front 56

What are some of the nursing Diagnosis when taking antihyperlipidemic?

Back 56

constipation

risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements

Risk for impaired skin integrity

Nausea

Risk of Injury