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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 groups of GI drugs?
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1. ANTIEMETICS
2. ANTIDIARRHEALS 3. IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME DRUGS 4. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE DRUGS |
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What are ANTIEMETICS used for?
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to SUPPRESS VOMITING.
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What is the MOST IMPORTANT application for ANTIEMETICS?
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SUPPRESSION of CHEMO induced emisis
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What are the receptors that are important in vomit response?
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SEROTONIN,
DOPAMINE ACETYLCHOLINE HISTAMINE |
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Can ANTIEMETIC block more than one receptor type?
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YES
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What type of ANTIEMETIC is ONDANSETRON(zofran)?
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SEROTONIN receptor ANTAGONIST
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How does ONDANSETRON(zofran) work?
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BLOCKS type 5HT3 receptors in the BRAIN serotonin receptors on the AFFERENT VAGAL NEURONS in UPPER GI.
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How do you make ONDANSETRON(zofran) work better?
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COMBINE w/ DEXAMETHASONE
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What are the SIDE effects of ONDANSETRON(zofran)?
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HA, DIARRHEA, DIZZI
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How is ONDANSETRON(zofran) given?
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PO, IV
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What are some 3 other SEROTONIN receptor ANTAGONISTS?
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GRANISETRON(kytril)
DOLASETRON(anzemet) PALONESETRON(aloxil) |
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What are the side effects of GRANISETRON(kytril)?
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HA, Weakness/tiredness, Diarrhea/Constipation
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What is DOLASETRON(anzemet) used for?
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PREVENTION of CHEMO induced NAUSEA
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What is the ONLY way PALONESETRON(aloxil) is given?
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IV **LONGER 1/2 LIFE**
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Which 2 GLUCOCORTICOIDS are more effective when used w/ other ANTIEMITICS?
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METHYLPREDNISOLONE
DEXAMETHASONE |
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What are the DOPAMINE ANTAGONIST ANTIEMETICS?
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PHENOTHIAZINES
BUTYROPHENONES(haloperidol/droperidol METOCLOPRAMIDE DRONABINOL(cannabinoid) |
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What can PHENOTHIAZINES cause?
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ANTICHOLONERGIC EFFECTS
SEDATION HYPOTENSTION |
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When is BUTYROPHENONES(haloperidol/droperidol) used?
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POST-OP nausea **effects similar to Phenothazines
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What should you watch for with a pt on DRONABINOL(cannabinoid)? WHY?
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development of PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS/HALLUCINATIONS. **priciple psycoactive agen in weed**
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What is the BEST way to cover ALL ANTIEMETIC pathways?
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USE IN COMBINATION THERAPY/meds to cover different pathways.
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What drug is used in MOTION SICKNESS? What type of drug is it?
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SCOPOLAMINE *MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST*
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How does SCOPOLAMINE work?
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SUPPRESSES NERVE traffic in NEURONAL pathway from the INNER EAR to the VOMITING CENTER
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What are the side effects of SCOPOLAMINE?
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DRY MOUTH
BLURRED VISSION DROWSINESS **SEVERE= urinary retention, constipation, disorientation** |
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Which ANTIHISTAMINES are used for MOTION SICKNESS?
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DIMENHYDRINATE(dramamine)
MECLIZINE(antivert) CYCLIZINE(marezine) |
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What is DIARRHEA caused from?
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Infection, Maldigestion, Infalmmation & functional disorders of the bowel.
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What drugs are used for diarrhea?
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OPIOIDS
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What is DIPHENOXYLATE(lomotil) do? Uses?
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Activate opioid receptors in the GI tract. To DECREASE intestinal motility/transmit leaving more time for fluids & electrolytes to be absorbed.
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What forms does LOPERAMIDE(immodium) come in?
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OTC-TAB, CAP or LIQUID
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What is the ONLY drug DIFENOXIN can be given with? What drug does it work like?
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ATROPINE
**DIPHENOXYLATE** |
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What is PAREGORIC a diluted solution of?
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OPIUM & MORPHINE
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What does OPIUM TINCTURE made of?
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ALCOHOL BASED W/ 10% OPIUM by WT.
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How do you MANAGE INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA?
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AZITHROMYCIN **ANTIDIARRHEAL agents may INCREASE infection time**
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What type of agent is METOCLOPRAMIDE?
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PROKINETIC AGENT
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What is METOCLOPRAMIDE used for?
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SUPPRESSES EMESIS & INCREASES GI MOTILITY **Nausea in CHEMO**
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What are the side effects of METOCLOPRAMIDE? How does it work?
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SEDATION & DIARRHEA
DECREASES Chemoreceptor stimulation |
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What is the 1st drug used to DECREASE ORAL MUCOSITIS?
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PALIFERMIN(kepivance)
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How does PALIFERMIN(kepivance) work?
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Stimulates proliferation/differentation and migration of EPITHELIAL CELLS
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What kind of patients is PALIFERMIN(kepivance) used for?
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ONLY USED FOR HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES
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Most commen side effects of PALIFERMIN(kepivance)?
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Involve skin and mouth
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What does PALIFERMIN(kepivance) bind to?
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HEPRIN
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What are the PANCREATIC ENZYMES?
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LIPASE
AMYLASE CHYMOTRYPSIN TRYSIN |
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What are these enzymes helpful with?
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DIGESTION OF FATS
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What should be used with PANCREATIC ENZYMES?
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ANATCIDS/H2 BLOCKERS
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When should you take PANCREATIC ENZYMES?
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with ALL meals and snacks
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How is CHOLELITHIASIS usually treated?
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w/ SERGERY
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What does CHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID(chenodiol) do?
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REDUCES HEPATIC production of CHOLESTEROL which disolves RADIOLUCENT STONES **NOT for RADIOPAQUE stones**
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What does URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID(ursodiol) do?
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REDUCES CHOLESTEROL CONTENT OF BILE
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