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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Medicatons that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness. Known as painkillers, opioids and NSAIDs
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Analgesics
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Pain is ____ the patient says it is, it exists when the ____ says it exists.
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whatever, patient
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Pain is a ____ and ____ experience
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personal and individual
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____its an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
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pain
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Which analgesic is most effective
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opioids
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what does NSAIDs stand for
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non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs
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Pain pills all work on the CNS?
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true
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Pain pills change the perception and tolerance of pain?
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true
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Pain results from stimulation of sensory nerve fibers called _____. These receptors transmit pain signals from various body regins to the ____
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nociceptors, CNS
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the level of stimulus needed to produce the perception of pain.
a measure of the physiologic response of the nervous system. |
Pain threshold
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pain threshold is ____if you feel angry, or tired
pain threshold can be ____, if you aren't thinking about it, rested, |
lower, raised
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the amount of pain a pt can endure without its interfering with normal function.
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Pain tolerance
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Pain ____ varies from pt to pt subjective response to pain, not a physiological function
the point beyond which pain becomes unbearable |
tolerance
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This type of pain is sudden and onset, lasts minutes to hours, usually subsides once treated. Examples would be kidney stones, heart attack, appendicitis
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Acute pain
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This type of pain is persistent and recurring, lasting 3 to 6 months. This pain is difficult to treat, people do get use to this pain, it is dull and seems endless. Ex. is arthritis, lower back pain and cancer
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chronic
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this type of pain originates from bones, legaments and joints
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somatic
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this type of pain orginates in orgains and smooth muscles
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viceral
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this pain orginates from skin and mucous membranes
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superficial
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this type of pain orginates from vascular tissues
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vascular
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thys type of pain is where you hurt in one place but feels in another. Have GERD but thinks it is a heart attack
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referered
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This type of pain is nerve fiber pain
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neuropathic
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this type of pain is when you have an amputated arm and your arm hurts
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phantom
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This type of pain comes from psychological factors
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psychogenic
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Pain that is trauma or inflammation of the brain
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central
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This theory is regarding pain trasmission. IT is the most common and well described.
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Gate Theory
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Bradykinin, histamines, potassium, prostaglandins and serotonin are released to stimulate the nerve endings to ___ the pain process
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start
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two types of nerves are stimulated when it comes to pain trasmission
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A and C fibers
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If you activate the Large A fibers, it ___ the gate and inhibits the transmission to the brain
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Closes
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If you activate the small C fibers it ___ the gate and allows impulses transmission to the brain
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opens
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In regards to A and C fibers The enter the spinal cord at teh ___ ___. This is the location of hte gate
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dorsal horn
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The gate regulates the flow of sensory impulses to the brain. Closing the gate stops the impulses. If no impulses are transmitted to higher centers in the brain, there is no pain perception.
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info
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This gate allows brain to evaluate, identify, and localize pain, also to control gate before the gate is open.
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info
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What are the natural pain killsers of the body?
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enkephalins and endorphins
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enkephalins and endorphins are are produced to fight pain, binds to opiod receptors and inhibits transmissof pain by closing gate
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infor
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When we rub or massage a painful area this stimulates the _ fibers and actually closes the gate to the brain and less pain is felt
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A
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Taking more of a drug is not going to make you feel better. All drugs have a _____ ceiling effect
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analgesic
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Very strong pain relievers are called
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narcotics
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Three classifications of opiate analgesics
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Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist
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This type of opiate binds to an opioid pain receptor in the brain, and causes and analgesic response
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agonist
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___ administration is the most reliable way to achieve therapeutic levels of narcotics
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IV
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This classification of opiates bind to a pain receptor but block others such receptors. also called aagonist-antagonist or mixed receptors
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partial agonist
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This type of opiate analgesics reverses the actions of agonists and partial agonists
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antagonist
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Opioids are used in pregnancy of benefit to the mother outweighs any potential risk of fetus
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info
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Four types of opioid receptors
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mu kappa, beta, sigma
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Opioids main use is to ?
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alleviate pain
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Opioids are also used for:
Cough Center suppression treatement of diarrhea balanced anesthsia |
info
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Contraindications of:
KDA severe asthma elevated intracranial pressure and pregnancy |
info
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Adverse effects of opioids?
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euphoria, cns depression, nausea and vomitting
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an example of an opiate antagonist is?
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narcan
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A common physiologic result of chornic opiod treatment, which results in larger dose of opioids is required to maintain the same level of analgesia
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Opioid tolerance
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This is what happens when your body gets used to a opioid and expects the presence of it everytime.
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physical dependence
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A patter of compulsive drug use characterized by a continued craving for an opioid and the need to use the opioid for effects other than pain relief
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psychologic dependence
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