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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Medicatons that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness. Known as painkillers, opioids and NSAIDs
Analgesics
Pain is ____ the patient says it is, it exists when the ____ says it exists.
whatever, patient
Pain is a ____ and ____ experience
personal and individual
____its an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
pain
Which analgesic is most effective
opioids
what does NSAIDs stand for
non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs
Pain pills all work on the CNS?
true
Pain pills change the perception and tolerance of pain?
true
Pain results from stimulation of sensory nerve fibers called _____. These receptors transmit pain signals from various body regins to the ____
nociceptors, CNS
the level of stimulus needed to produce the perception of pain.
a measure of the physiologic response of the nervous system.
Pain threshold
pain threshold is ____if you feel angry, or tired
pain threshold can be ____, if you aren't thinking about it, rested,
lower, raised
the amount of pain a pt can endure without its interfering with normal function.
Pain tolerance
Pain ____ varies from pt to pt subjective response to pain, not a physiological function
the point beyond which pain becomes unbearable
tolerance
This type of pain is sudden and onset, lasts minutes to hours, usually subsides once treated. Examples would be kidney stones, heart attack, appendicitis
Acute pain
This type of pain is persistent and recurring, lasting 3 to 6 months. This pain is difficult to treat, people do get use to this pain, it is dull and seems endless. Ex. is arthritis, lower back pain and cancer
chronic
this type of pain originates from bones, legaments and joints
somatic
this type of pain orginates in orgains and smooth muscles
viceral
this pain orginates from skin and mucous membranes
superficial
this type of pain orginates from vascular tissues
vascular
thys type of pain is where you hurt in one place but feels in another. Have GERD but thinks it is a heart attack
referered
This type of pain is nerve fiber pain
neuropathic
this type of pain is when you have an amputated arm and your arm hurts
phantom
This type of pain comes from psychological factors
psychogenic
Pain that is trauma or inflammation of the brain
central
This theory is regarding pain trasmission. IT is the most common and well described.
Gate Theory
Bradykinin, histamines, potassium, prostaglandins and serotonin are released to stimulate the nerve endings to ___ the pain process
start
two types of nerves are stimulated when it comes to pain trasmission
A and C fibers
If you activate the Large A fibers, it ___ the gate and inhibits the transmission to the brain
Closes
If you activate the small C fibers it ___ the gate and allows impulses transmission to the brain
opens
In regards to A and C fibers The enter the spinal cord at teh ___ ___. This is the location of hte gate
dorsal horn
The gate regulates the flow of sensory impulses to the brain. Closing the gate stops the impulses. If no impulses are transmitted to higher centers in the brain, there is no pain perception.
info
This gate allows brain to evaluate, identify, and localize pain, also to control gate before the gate is open.
info
What are the natural pain killsers of the body?
enkephalins and endorphins
enkephalins and endorphins are are produced to fight pain, binds to opiod receptors and inhibits transmissof pain by closing gate
infor
When we rub or massage a painful area this stimulates the _ fibers and actually closes the gate to the brain and less pain is felt
A
Taking more of a drug is not going to make you feel better. All drugs have a _____ ceiling effect
analgesic
Very strong pain relievers are called
narcotics
Three classifications of opiate analgesics
Agonist, partial agonist, antagonist
This type of opiate binds to an opioid pain receptor in the brain, and causes and analgesic response
agonist
___ administration is the most reliable way to achieve therapeutic levels of narcotics
IV
This classification of opiates bind to a pain receptor but block others such receptors. also called aagonist-antagonist or mixed receptors
partial agonist
This type of opiate analgesics reverses the actions of agonists and partial agonists
antagonist
Opioids are used in pregnancy of benefit to the mother outweighs any potential risk of fetus
info
Four types of opioid receptors
mu kappa, beta, sigma
Opioids main use is to ?
alleviate pain
Opioids are also used for:
Cough Center suppression
treatement of diarrhea
balanced anesthsia
info
Contraindications of:
KDA
severe asthma
elevated intracranial pressure and pregnancy
info
Adverse effects of opioids?
euphoria, cns depression, nausea and vomitting
an example of an opiate antagonist is?
narcan
A common physiologic result of chornic opiod treatment, which results in larger dose of opioids is required to maintain the same level of analgesia
Opioid tolerance
This is what happens when your body gets used to a opioid and expects the presence of it everytime.
physical dependence
A patter of compulsive drug use characterized by a continued craving for an opioid and the need to use the opioid for effects other than pain relief
psychologic dependence