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138 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Isoproterenol
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non-selective Beta agonist. Lowers peripheral vascular resistance. Parenteral administration
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Isoproterenol
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non-selective Beta agonist. Lowers peripheral vascular resistance. Parenteral administration
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Dobutamine
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(+ isomer) Beta 1 agonist, alpha1 antagonist. Parenteral administration. Treats shock (low blood volume, hypotension). Dopamine with same effects
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Beta2 selective agonists
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albuterol, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, terbutaline (short acting). salmeterol, fomoterol, arformoterol (long-acting) (all inhalation)
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oral/parenteral beta2 selective agonist
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terbutaline
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nasal decongestants
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phenylephrine, xylometazoline, oxymetazoline (alpha 1 agonists --> local action when applied topically. Sudafed PE = phenylephrine)
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Dobutamine
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(+ isomer) Beta 1 agonist, alpha1 antagonist. Parenteral administration. Treats shock (low blood volume, hypotension). Dopamine with same effects
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long duration of action decongestants
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xylometazoline, oxymetazoline
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Beta2 selective agonists
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albuterol, metaproterenol, pirbuterol, terbutaline (short acting). salmeterol, fomoterol, arformoterol (long-acting) (all inhalation)
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epinephrine treats actute
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anaphylaxis. Constricts capillary beds, decreasing edema. Binds beta 2 to reverse broncho constriction. Binds beta to suppress histamine, bradykinin, etc. released from mast cells. Raises low blood pressure by binding alpha1 and beta1
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PSVT (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia)
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Arrhythmia caused by Av nodal reentry. Blocking AV node (slowing down) will stop this arrhythmia.
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Phenylephrine treats
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PSVT. dilates pupil without cycloplegia, nasal decongestion. Also used topically to treat hemorrhoids
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oral/parenteral beta2 selective agonist
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terbutaline
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terbutaline acts on ___ receptors to treat __
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Beta 2 receptors, premature labor (stops uterine contractions by relaxing smooth muscle)
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nasal decongestants
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phenylephrine, xylometazoline, oxymetazoline (alpha 1 agonists --> local action when applied topically. Sudafed PE = phenylephrine)
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cycloplegia
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paralysis of the ciliary muscle
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long duration of action decongestants
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xylometazoline, oxymetazoline
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epinephrine treats actute
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anaphylaxis. Constricts capillary beds, decreasing edema. Binds beta 2 to reverse broncho constriction. Binds beta to suppress histamine, bradykinin, etc. released from mast cells. Raises low blood pressure by binding alpha1 and beta1
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phenylephrine
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alpha 1 agonist. Short duration of action
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PSVT (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia)
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Arrhythmia caused by Av nodal reentry. Blocking AV node (slowing down) will stop this arrhythmia.
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Phenylephrine treats
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PSVT. dilates pupil without cycloplegia, nasal decongestion. Also used topically to treat hemorrhoids
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ephedrine
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releases NE from nerve terminals (indirect NE mimetic). Adrenomimetic --> causes increased NE release from nerve terminals. Formerly used as a weightloss drugs, but too many side effects - e.g. increase HR
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terbutaline acts on ___ receptors to treat __
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Beta 2 receptors, premature labor (stops uterine contractions by relaxing smooth muscle)
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pseudoephedrine
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nasal decongestant. (Sudafed)
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cycloplegia
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paralysis of the ciliary muscle
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alpha1 antagonsists (selective, reversible)
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prazosin. terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin, alfuzosin, silodosin
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phentolamine
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non-selective alpha antagonist, reversible.
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phenylephrine
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alpha 1 agonist. Short duration of action
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phenoxybenzamine
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non-selective alpha antagonist, irreversible.
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treats pheochromocytoma
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tyramine
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indirect action. NOT a drug, comes from a gut bacteria and fermented food. Metabolized by MAO (in liver). If not metabolized in liver, increases NE release. Increased levels can cause hypertension in people who are taking MAO inhibitors.
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ephedrine
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releases NE from nerve terminals (indirect NE mimetic). Adrenomimetic --> causes increased NE release from nerve terminals. Formerly used as a weightloss drugs, but too many side effects - e.g. increase HR
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pheochromocytoma
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tumor of adrenal medulla gland - releases a lot of EPI. Treat with phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia can be treated with
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selective alpha 1 antagonists ( prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, etc.) Terazosin particularly targets alpha1A receptor subtype on prostate.
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pseudoephedrine
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nasal decongestant. (Sudafed)
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alpha1 antagonsists (selective, reversible)
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prazosin. terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin, alfuzosin, silodosin
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raynaud's disease
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cold causes vasospasm in fingers and toes. Treat with prazosin (blocks alpha1 receptors)
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phentolamine
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non-selective alpha antagonist, reversible.
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phenoxybenzamine
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non-selective alpha antagonist, irreversible.
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catecholamines
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NE and EPI
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pheochromocytoma
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tumor of adrenal medulla gland - releases a lot of EPI. Treat with phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine
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Gq results in
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increased intracellular calcium, DAG activation of PKC --> phosphorylation of proteins
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia can be treated with
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selective alpha 1 antagonists ( prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, etc.) Terazosin particularly targets alpha1A receptor subtype on prostate.
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Gi
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inhibitory G protein, coupled to alpha 2 receptors.
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raynaud's disease
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cold causes vasospasm in fingers and toes. Treat with prazosin (blocks alpha1 receptors)
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catecholamines
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NE and EPI
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Mechanism of Gi activity
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inhibits adenyl cyclase, increases K+ permeability in terminal bouton of presynaptic cell. Decreases neurotransmitter release
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Gq
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stimulatory G protein coupled to alpha 1.
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Gs
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coupled to Beta 1, 2, and 3 receptors. Stimulatory, activates AC to result in cAMP --> PKA --> phosphorylation of proteins
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Antagonism of which receptors cause vision changes?
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M receptor antagonsist. Allows dilation of the pupil, but prohibits near vision accomodation (ciliary muscle)
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Gq results in
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increased intracellular calcium, DAG activation of PKC --> phosphorylation of proteins
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thermoregulatory sweating uses __ receptors, while sweat glands on palms of hands use ___ receptors
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M. Alpha 1
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Gi
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inhibitory G protein, coupled to alpha 2 receptors.
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Mechanism of Gi activity
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inhibits adenyl cyclase, increases K+ permeability in terminal bouton of presynaptic cell. Decreases neurotransmitter release
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dopamine
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activates dopamine receptors (increase RAAS release) on kidney cells, alpha1 (increase CO), beta1 (increase HR)
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Gs
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coupled to Beta 1, 2, and 3 receptors. Stimulatory, activates AC to result in cAMP --> PKA --> phosphorylation of proteins
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dipivefrin
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prodrug that converts to EPI. Used as opthalmic agent
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phenylephrine
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alpha1 selective agonist. Sudafed PE
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Antagonism of which receptors cause vision changes?
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M receptor antagonsist. Allows dilation of the pupil, but prohibits near vision accomodation (ciliary muscle)
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thermoregulatory sweating uses __ receptors, while sweat glands on palms of hands use ___ receptors
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M. Alpha 1
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xylometazoline
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alpha1 selective agonist. Nasal decongestant
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dopamine
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activates dopamine receptors (increase RAAS release) on kidney cells, alpha1 (increase CO), beta1 (increase HR)
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oxymetazoline
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alpha1 agonist, alpha2 agonist. Nasal spray
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midodrine
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alpha1 agonist. Oral
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dipivefrin
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prodrug that converts to EPI. Used as opthalmic agent
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phenylephrine
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alpha1 selective agonist. Sudafed PE
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alpha1 agonists
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phenylephrine, xylometazoline, oxymetazoline, midodrine
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alpha 2 selective agonists
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brimonidine, apraclonidine (both topical, used for eye)
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xylometazoline
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alpha1 selective agonist. Nasa
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these drugs treat shock
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dopamine, dobutamine, NE
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oxymetazoline
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alpha1 agonist, alpha2 agonist. Nasal spray
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ephedrine
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mixed-acting - activates alpha and beta receptors. Crosses BBB
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midodrine
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alpha1 agonist. Oral
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to treat hypertension, use
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prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin. alpha blockers, selective, reversible.
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alpha1 agonists
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phenylephrine, xylometazoline, oxymetazoline, midodrine
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EPI causes this effect on Beta 2 receptors of skeletal muscle
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stimulates the Na+/K+ ATPase. Increases intracellular K+
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alpha 2 selective agonists
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brimonidine, apraclonidine (both topical, used for eye)
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what is the consequence of blocking beta recpeotrs in a diabetic?
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impair response to hypoglycemia
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these drugs treat shock
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dopamine, dobutamine, NE
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why use albuterol instead of EPI/isoproterenol to treat asthma?
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less side effects. Albuterol is a specific Beta2 agonist. EPI/isoprot are nonselective beta agonsists --> will increase HR
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ephedrine
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mixed-acting - activates alpha and beta receptors. Crosses BBB
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atropine
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muscarinic antagonist
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ipratropium
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muscarinic antagonist
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EPI causes this effect on Beta 2 receptors of skeletal muscle
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stimulates the Na+/K+ ATPase. Increases intracellular K+
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what is the consequence of blocking beta recpeotrs in a diabetic?
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impair response to hypoglycemia
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Beta2 receptor activation on the liver causes
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glycogenolysis --> more glucose in blood, hyperglycemia
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scopolamine
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M antagonist
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why use albuterol instead of EPI/isoproterenol to treat asthma?
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less side effects. Albuterol is a specific Beta2 agonist. EPI/isoprot are nonselective beta agonsists --> will increase HR
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tropicamide
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M antagonist
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atropine
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muscarinic antagonist
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Nonselective Beta receptor antagonists
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competitive, reversible. Propanolol, ndolol, timolol, pindolol, carteolol
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ipratropium
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muscarinic antagonist
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Beta2 receptor activation on the liver causes
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glycogenolysis --> more glucose in blood, hyperglycemia
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Beta 1 selective antagonists
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BEAM. Metoprolol, atenolol, acebutolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, esmolol
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scopolamine
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M antagonist
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raynaud's disease
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vasoconstriction in extremities. Treat with alpha-1 blocker - prazosin.
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tropicamide
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M antagonist
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alpha 1 antagonists are used to treat
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Raynauds disease (prazosin), BPH (tamsulosin)
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Treat BPH with
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tamsulosin
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Nonselective Beta receptor antagonists
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competitive, reversible. Propanolol, ndolol, timolol, pindolol, carteolol
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Bethanecol treats
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post-operative abdominal distension and urinary retention
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Beta 1 selective antagonists
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BEAM. Metoprolol, atenolol, acebutolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, esmolol
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Neostigmine treats
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myasthenia gravis
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Neostigmine mechanism
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blocks Acetylcholinesterase, results in more ACh in NMJ
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alpha 1 antagonists are used to treat
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Raynauds disease (prazosin), BPH (tamsulosin)
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Treat BPH with
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tamsulosin
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Pyridostigmine
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reversible AChE blocker. Does not cross BBB
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Bethanecol treats
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post-operative abdominal distension and urinary retention
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Edrophonium
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Neostigmine analog - lasts 3-4 min. Can be used to dianose myasthenia gravis (test muscle strength before and after administration)
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depolarization blockade
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no time for muscle cell to repolarize. Results from too much Neostigmine (too much ACh in NMJ)
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Neostigmine treats
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myasthenia gravis
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Neostigmine mechanism
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blocks Acetylcholinesterase, results in more ACh in NMJ
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Physostigmine
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can reverse effects of muscarinic blocker over dose. Lipid soluble
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Pilocarpine treats
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Sjogren's syndrome, treats open angle glaucoma, narrow angle glaucoma. Causes pupil constriction. Muscarinic agonist
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sjogren's syndrome
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autoimmune disorder that affects moistrue producing glands in body
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depolarization blockade
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no time for muscle cell to repolarize. Results from too much Neostigmine (too much ACh in NMJ)
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-olol
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Beta blocker. BEAM --> Beta 1 selective
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Physostigmine
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can reverse effects of muscarinic blocker over dose. Lipid soluble
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essential tremor is caused by
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activation of beta2 receptors on skeletal muscle. Treat with beta blockers
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Pilocarpine treats
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Sjogren's syndrome, treats open angle glaucoma, narrow angle glaucoma. Causes pupil constriction. Muscarinic agonist
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-idine
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alpha 2 agonists. Brimonidine, apraclonidine
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sjogren's syndrome
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autoimmune disorder that affects moistrue producing glands in body
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- zoline
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alpha 1 agonists. Xylometazoline, xocymatazoline, midodrine, phenylephrine.
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-olol
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Beta blocker. BEAM --> Beta 1 selective
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what's the difference between physostigmine and neostigmine/pyridostigmine?
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physostigmine is lipid soluble, crosses BBB to produces severe CNS side effects. Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine are NOT lipid soluble, reduced CNS effects. More selective at NMJ
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2-PAM, Protopam
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AChE reactivator. Used in response to irreversible AChE inhibitors.
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essential tremor is caused by
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activation of beta2 receptors on skeletal muscle. Treat with beta blockers
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myasthenia gravis
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autoimmune disorder. Antibodies to Nicotinic receptor in the NMJ cause muscle weakness.
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-idine
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alpha 2 agonists. Brimonidine, apraclonidine
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what's the difference between physostigmine and neostigmine/pyridostigmine?
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physostigmine is lipid soluble, crosses BBB to produces severe CNS side effects. Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine are NOT lipid soluble, reduced CNS effects. More selective at NMJ
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what is the main cause of esophageal varices?
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cirrhosis of liver and portal hypertension
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2-PAM, Protopam
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AChE reactivator. Used in response to irreversible AChE inhibitors.
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myasthenia gravis
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autoimmune disorder. Antibodies to Nicotinic receptor in the NMJ cause muscle weakness.
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what treats postoperative abdominal distension and urinary retention?
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bethanecol, neostigmine, pyridostigmine
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bethanecol
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muscarinic agonist. Direct acting.
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dobutamine (-) isomer
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alpha1 agonist
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what is the main cause of esophageal varices?
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cirrhosis of liver and portal hypertension
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cevimeline treats
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sjogren's syndrome. selective M agonist on salivary glands.
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what treats postoperative abdominal distension and urinary retention?
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bethanecol, neostigmine, pyridostigmine
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