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14 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Bacteriostatic Antibiotic
Reversibly inhibits growth. When antibiotic is removed, almost all of the bacteria can replicate. Relying on hosts immune system to finish the killing. (thus need functioning immune system, wont work on immunocompromised)
Bactericidal
Irreversible inhibition of growth. Antibiotic itself kills bacteria. (at high enough conc, all antibiotics are bactericidal, but at that dose is toxic to host)
Extended Spectrum antibiotics
antibiotics that are effective against Gram Pos and lots of Gram neg (like broad spectrum)
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
lowest conc of antibiotic that presents VISIBLE growth

-can be calculated via Tube dilution method (serial 2 fold dilutions of antibiotic, slow, but accurate) or Disk Sensitivity Test (rapid, but must relate to tube dilution)
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration
lowest conc of antibiotic that results in 99.9% decline in colony count after overnight incubation
Gram Pos or Negative?

1)Clostridium
2)Listeria
3)Actinobacteria
4)Mycoplasma (dont have cell wall, thus wont stain purple)
5)E.coli
1-4 = Gram Pos (mycoplasma gram pos even though dont have cell wall)

5 = Gram Neg
Gram Pos or Negative?

6)Salmonella
7)Shigella
8)Pseudomonas
9)Helicobacter
10)Legionella
Gram Neg
Empiric Therapy
use when immediate therapy is required (eg: meningitis)

choice of drug influenced by site of infection, patient history (hospital or community acquired)
1)What decides whether drug can cross BBB

2)What drugs have high lipid solubility?

3)What drug has low lipid solubility?
lipid solubility of drug
molecular weight (small drug, easier it crosses)
protein binding of the drug (less protein bound, easier crosses)

2)Fluoroquinolones and Mtronidazole
3)Penicillin
1)Should give drug which way for mild infections?

2)Should give drug which way for serious infections?

3)Which drug MUST be given parenterally because has poor oral absorption from GI tract?
1)Oral
2)Pareneteral
3)Vancomycin
Resistance
maximal level of antibiotic tolerated by host does not halt growth (at higher conc, drug might still be effective, but cant use at those higher doses because too toxic too patient)
All Gram Negative Organisms are Resistant to:
Vancomycin
Superinfection
a new or secondary infection that occurs during antimicrobial therapy of a primary infections
Chemoprophylaxis
should be directed towards a specific pathogen, for limited duration, at therapeutic doses, and only when efficacy has been proved