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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What do you use for treatment of overactive bladder?
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a. Muscarininc antagonists
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2. What are the muscarninc antagonists? there are 12, just read this over a few times
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a. Atropine
b. Scopolamine (Isopto Hyoscine, Scopace, Transderm Scōp) c. Tropicamide (Mydral, Mydriacyl, Tropicacyl) d. Cyclopentolate (AK-Pentolate, Cyclogyl, Cylate) e. Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) f. Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva) g. Tolterodine (Detrol, Detrol LA) h. Fesoterodine (Toviaz) i. Oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan, Ditropan XL, Oxytrol – transdermal patch, Gelnique - gel) j. Darifenacin HBr (Enablex) k. Solifenacin (Vesicare) l. Trospium Chloride |
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3. For muscarinics, what is the general order of blockage? Small vs. large dose
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a. Small dose: salivary
b. Big dose: gastric acid secretion |
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4. What are 2 of the therapeutic uses for muscarinic antagonists
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a. Mydriasis
b. Cycloplegia |
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5. What is Mydriasis
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a. Excessive dilation of the pupil
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6. What are the 3 main drugs used for mydriasis and cycloplegia? Relative duration of action
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a. Tropicamide: short duration
b. Atropine and Scopolamine: long duration (weeks) |
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7. How would you prevent acute rhinitis?
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a. Atropine (antimuscarinic)
b. Decrease secretion in the respiratory tract |
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8. Does atropine cross the BBB? Does ipratropium bromide?
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a. Atropine does: uncharged
b. Ipratropium bromide: no, it is charged |
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9. What is the advantage of using ipratropium bromide as opposed to atropine for COPD and asthma?
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a. Less side effects, less systemic absorption
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10. 2 drugs typically used for Asthma/COPD?
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a. Ipratropium bromide
b. Tiotropium bromide |
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11. What is the end result of treatment with Ipratropium bromide?
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a. Blocks M receptor
b. Bronchodilation in patients with c. cholinergic mediated bronchoconstriction |
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12. What works better for treating asthma, B2 agonist or M blocker?
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a. B2 agonist
b. Because they May have minimal bronchoconstriction from parasympathetic activity |
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13. In COPD, what works better B2 agonist or ipratropium?
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a. About the same
b. Because they May have significant parasympathetic mediated bronchoconstriction |
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14. What are the advantages of using ipratropium bromide in treatment of COPD?
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a. An increase in cholinergic tone is a major reversible component in COPD
b. Usually less side effects than b agonists |
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15. What are 2 preoperative muscarinic antagonist medications? Why?
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a. Atropine, scopolamine
b. They cross BBB c. Can cause sedation and amnesia |
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16. If you have severe bradychardia that results in syncope, what drug would you use to treat?
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a. Muscarinic blocker
b. Atropine |
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17. Atropine has no effect on ventricular arrhythmias. Why?
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a. Few M receptors in ventricles
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18. What effect do muscarinic antagonists have in the GI?
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a. Can prevent ulcers (though no longer used due to side effects)
b. Can stop irritable bowel syndrome |
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19. If you have poisoning from mushrooms, what might you use to treat?
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a. Again this would cause cholinergic crisis so you would use Atropine
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20. What do you use for motion sickness
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a. Scopolamine
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21. How does scopolamine prevent vomiting?
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a. Binds to H1 and M receptors in the vomit center of the medulla
b. Prevents motion sickness |
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22. What do you use for detrusor overactivity?
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a. Have to pee all the time
b. Use muscarinic blockers c. Tolterodine d. Oxybutynin Chloride e. Darifenacin f. Solifenacin g. Trospium Chloride |
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23. Main drug used to decrease urinary frequency
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a. Tolterodine
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