Pharm Test 2

Front 1

What tone is the predominant type in systemic circulation, parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Back 1

sympathetic

Front 2

What tone is the predominant type in the heart, parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Back 2

parasympathetic

Front 3

What tone is the predominant type in iris and ciliary muscle, parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Back 3

parasympathetic

Front 4

What tone is the predominant type in GI tract parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Back 4

parasympathetic

Front 5

What tone is the predominant type in the bladder parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Back 5

parasympathetic

Front 6

What tone is the predominant type in salivary glands, parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Back 6

parasympathetic

Front 7

What tone is the predominant type in sweat glands, parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Back 7

sympathetic

Front 8

What is the physiology behind myasthinia gravis?

Back 8

antibodies are blocking the nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction.

Front 9

What can happen if you haev too much Ach in the NM junction for too long?

Back 9

depolorization block, paralysis of muscle

Front 10

How many ACh molecules must attach to a nicotinic receptor to activate it?

Back 10

2

Front 11

What kind of receptors are found in blood vessels, muscarinic or nicotinic?

Back 11

muscarinic

Front 12

What drug would you use for relaxing the larynx for intubation?

Back 12

succinylcholine, rocuronium can be substituted

Front 13

T/F Succinylcholine is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.

Back 13

true

Front 14

Macrophages have what type of ACH receptor? Stimulating these causes what reaction?

Back 14

nicotinic, anti inflammatory

Front 15

GIve an example of a false transmitter?

Back 15

Tyramine, Guanethidine=displaces stored NE

Front 16

How do tricyclic antidepressants work?

Back 16

by blocking uptake 1 which usually brings NE back into the presynaptic cleft

Front 17

Where do you find alpha-1 adrenergic receptors?

Back 17

in the vasculator

Front 18

Where do you find alpha-2 adrenergic receptors?

Back 18

presynaptic

Front 19

Where do you find beta-1 adrenergic receptors?

Back 19

heart

Front 20

Where do you find beta-2 adrenergic receptors?

Back 20

smooth muscle

Front 21

What receptors does norepinephrine stimulate? epinephrine?

Back 21

alpa-1, alpha-2, and beta-1
epinephrine stimulates all these and beta-2

Front 22

What receptor/s does dopamine bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 22

alpha-1 agonist, beta-1 agonist

Front 23

What receptor/s does phenylephrine bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 23

alpha-1 agonist

Front 24

What receptor/s does methoxamine bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 24

alpha-1 agonist

Front 25

What receptor/s does clondine bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 25

alpha-2 agonist

Front 26

What receptor/s does alpha-methyl-NE bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 26

alpha-2 agonist

Front 27

What receptor/s does oxymetazoline bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 27

alpha-1 and alpha-2 agonist

Front 28

What receptor/s does isoproterenol bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 28

beta-1 and beta-2 agonist

Front 29

What receptor/s does dobutamine bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 29

beta-1 agonist

Front 30

What receptor/s does terabutaline bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 30

beta-2 agonist

Front 31

What receptor/s does albuterol bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 31

beta-2 agonist

Front 32

What receptor/s does labetolol bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 32

beta-1 and beta-2 antagonist

Front 33

What receptor/s does phentolamine bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 33

alpha-1 and alpha-2 antagonist

Front 34

What receptor/s does phenoxybenzamine bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 34

alpha-1 and alpha-2 antagonist

Front 35

What receptor/s does prazosin bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 35

alpha-1 antagonist

Front 36

What receptor/s does yohimbine bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 36

alpha-2 antagonist

Front 37

What receptor/s does propranolol bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 37

beta-1 and beta-2 antagonist

Front 38

What receptor/s does timolol bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 38

beta-1 and beta-2 antagonist

Front 39

What receptor/s does nadolol bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 39

beta-1 and beta-2 antagonist

Front 40

What receptor/s does atenolol bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 40

beta-1 antagonist

Front 41

What receptor/s does butoxamine bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 41

beta-2 antagonist

Front 42

What receptor/s does metoprolol bind and whats its effect (agonist/antagonist)?

Back 42

beta-1 antagonist

Front 43

Will an alpha-1 agonist increase or decrease heart rate?

Back 43

decrease because it will vasoconstrict, giving a higher BP and activating baroreceptors

Front 44

Where do you find cGMP?

Back 44

vascular smooth muscle, intestinal mucosa

Front 45

How do methylxanthines work in relieving Asthma and COPD symptoms?

Back 45

inhibit cyclic nucleotide PDE 3 & 4, thereby preventing breakdown of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. PDE-3 is found in airway smooth muscle, PDE-4 involved in synthesis of inflammatory mediators

Front 46

What effect can PDE 5 inhibitors have on platelets?

Back 46

antagonizes platelet aggregation by inhibiting PDE-3

Front 47

On a very basic level, what do PDE inhibitors do?

Back 47

cGMP -------------->GMP
PDE

by inhibiting PDE, more cGMP stays active

Front 48

Your patient is hypokalemic. How will this effect the digoxin they are on?

Back 48

It will potentiate and cause increased digoxin effects.

Front 49

Your patients EKG shows a saw tooth pattern with multiple p-waves. whats he got?

Back 49

atrial flutter; anitcoagulants, digoxin, beta blockers, procainamide

Front 50

Your patients EKG shows no p-waves. whats he got?

Back 50

atrial fibrillation;

Front 51

What class is procainamide?

Back 51

IA

Front 52

What do class I antiarrhythmic drugs do?

Back 52

sodium channel blockade

Front 53

What do class IA antiarrhythmic drugs do? give an example

Back 53

block open Na channels, prolong AP duration, blocks K channels; quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide

Front 54

What do class IB antiarrhythmic drugs do? give an example

Back 54

prolong refractory period of NA channels; lidocaine

Front 55

What do class II antiarrhythmic drugs do? Give an example

Back 55

beta blockers; propranolol, esmolol, acebutolol, sotalol

Front 56

What do class III antiarrhythmic drugs do? Give an example.

Back 56

potassium channel blockers; Amiodarone, Bretylium, Ibutilide

Front 57

What is the mechanism and clinical application of sidenafil, varenadil, tadalafil?

Back 57

PDE-5 inhibitors, boners!!!! (they FIL your penis with blood)

Front 58

Name two examples of class IC antiarrhythmic drugs.

Back 58

flecainide, propafenone

Front 59

How is esmolol metabolized?

Back 59

RBCs

Front 60

How do you treat V-tach?

Back 60

Amiodarone and magnesium are the important ones according to the TA

Front 61

How do you treat ventricular fibrillation?

Back 61

defibrillation, cause you be screwed

Front 62

What part of the nephron do the most effective diuretics act at? give some examples.

Back 62

loop of henle; furosemide, bumetanide

Front 63

How will hypoalbuminemia affect loop diuretics?

Back 63

cause a decreased effect because albumin is necessary for organic anion secretion, so drugs reach kidney slower

Front 64

What kind of diuretics act on the proximal tubule? give an example

Back 64

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; acetazolamide

Front 65

How does furosemide work in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Back 65

inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransport by binding to chloride sites on transporter

Front 66

How does furosemide decrease pulmonary congestion?

Back 66

increased prostaglandin E2 synthesis

Front 67

Which aldosterone antagonist also blocks the Na-H exchanger?

Back 67

amiloride

Front 68

How does Dopamine and ANF affect bicarbonate re absorption?

Back 68

decreases bicarbonate re absorption

Front 69

What drug will give a relatively modest and self-limited diuresis? It has a sodium clearance level of 4%. where and how does this drug work?

Back 69

acetazolamide, inhibits carbonic anhydrase mostly in the proximal tubule

Front 70

How do thiazide diuretics work? where do they work?

Back 70

inhibiting the Na+-Cl- co transporter in the distal convoluted tubule

Front 71

What do K+ sparing diuretics act on? Name a direct antagonist in this drug category.

Back 71

aldosterone; spironolactone

Front 72

Name an indirect acting aldosterone antagonist and how it works.

Back 72

amiloride or triamterene work by blocking sodium channels in the luminal membrane of the distal tubule

Front 73

how do you calculate the volume of distribution?

Back 73

Vd=amount of drug in body/plasma drug concentration

Front 74

What are 3 important drugs that follow zero order kinetics?

Back 74

ethanol, aspirin, phenytoin

Front 75

How do you calculate half life?

Back 75

t1/2=(.693 x Vd)/CL

Front 76

_____ deals with teh effects of the body on the drug

Back 76

pharmacokinetics