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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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class 1 amphoterecin B
Nystatin mechanism |
forms pores or channels rendering membrane permeable and causing leakage. Preformed membrane
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class 2 flucytosine
MOA and side effects |
deaminated to 5-FU, potent anti metabolite for cancer.
-reversible bone marrow suppression and dose dependent GI effects` |
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class 3: imidazoles and triazoles
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-step involving 14-alpha demethylase enzyme. Azoles inhibit this-disrupting packing of phospholipids
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miconazole
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deep dermal fungal infections
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itraconazole/Fluconazole
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HIV
well used in patients who are immunocompromised. fluconazole (water soluble agent- cryptococcal meningitis) |
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class 1 amphoterecin B
Nystatin mechanism |
forms pores or channels rendering membrane permeable and causing leakage. Preformed membrane
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class 2 flucytosine
MOA and side effects |
deaminated to 5-FU, potent anti metabolite for cancer.
-reversible bone marrow suppression and dose dependent GI effects` |
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class 3: imidazoles and triazoles
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-step involving 14-alpha demethylase enzyme. Azoles inhibit this-disrupting packing of phospholipids
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miconazole
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deep dermal fungal infections
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itraconazole/Fluconazole
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HIV
well used in patients who are immunocompromised. fluconazole (water soluble agent- cryptococcal meningitis) |
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ketoconazole
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endocrinological abnormalities due to inhibition of steroid biosynthesis and hepatitis in some patients
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Both amphotericin B and niastatin are used systemically T/F
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F- not niastatin
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Griseofulvin
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inhibits mitotic spindle formation, well used for systemic infections
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Echinocandates
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all end in fungin- inhibit glucan synthase
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MDR vs XDR tuberculosis
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MDR- resistance of two 2nd line agents (isoniazid and rifampicin)
XDR- resistance to second line agents ( floroquinolonecin, capreomycin amikacin kanamy) + isoniazid and rifampicin (extreme) |
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FLA for Tuberculosis
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Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol (RIPE)
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isonazid
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inhibition fo mycolic acid synthesis (Kat-9 inactivates INH)
prophylaxis of skin test converters adverse: hepatotoxicity, lupus-like symptom |
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rifampin
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-blocks bacterial rna synthesis by binding to DNA dependent RNA polymers (resistance by rpoB gene on beta subunit)
feces red-orange proteinuria skin rash thrombocytopenia cannot be used with protease inhibitorrs |
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rifapentine
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longer hl then rifampin
FLA for tuberculosis |
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ethambutol
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blocks arabino-galactin component of mycobacterial cell wall
adverse- visual disturbance, retinal damage |
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pyrazinamide
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FLA tuberculosis
-narrow spectrum for tuberculosis -mechanism same as isoniazid -toxic |
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alternate to FLA for tuberculosis
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streptomycin
ciprofloxacin levofloxacin cycloserine (only cell wall inhibitor for tuberculosis) |
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leprosy
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dapsone- also treats pneumocystic jerovici pneumonia in aids patients
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antiprotozoal agents : african trypanosomiasis tx of late stages vs not late
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melarsoprol for late stages
-suramin, -pentamidine (binds to parasite dna), -eflornithine -nifurtimox- produces free radicals |
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pneumocystis jerovici
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pentamidine, dapsone, eflornithine,
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giardiasis key drugs
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-metronidazole (binds to proteins and DNA)
-tinidazole (lower antibase disulfuram like rxn- inhibits nucleic acid synthesis |
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metronidazol
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amebicidal, bactericidal, trichomanacidal, obligage anaerobes
used in giardiasis disrupts DNA helical structure |
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luminal vs systeic amebicids
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iodoquinol
paromomycin systemic: dehdroemetine (cardiotoxicity) |
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toxplasmosis drugs
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pyrimethamine and sulfonamide, Malaria and prophylaxis
atovaquone (inhibits mitochondrial ETC) malerone* |
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malaria drugs
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primaquine for P. falciparum
chloroquine and quinine for other species (all start with plasmodium) |
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chloroquinem malaria
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inhibition of plasmodium heme
-attacks malaria, amebic dysentary |
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primaquine
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only antimalarial used for relapses in P. vivax and Plasmodium ovale
-problems: anemias in patients with g6pdh def. |
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quinine
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oral for chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum
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anti worm drugs
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-mebendazole- microtubule synthesis inhibition
-thiabendazole- |
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niclosamide, praziquantel for flatworms
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praziquantel treats all species , by inc calcium permeability. used for cysticercosis
niclosamide used for taenia alcohol contraindicated for both |
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fancitar
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folate reductase +sulfdry
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foscarnet
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-anti cmv drug- pyrosphosphate analog whileall others are base analogs
-not for herpes |
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acyclovir
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herpes drug
-inhibits viral dna polymerase -is an acyclic guanine nucleoside |
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influenza a agents
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amantadine (A) , rimantadine, zanavir (B), oseltamivir (A+B)
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RSV tx:
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palivzumab (monoclonal anti body)
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NRTIs
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antiviral
zidoviduine, didanosine |
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NNRTIS
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nevirapine, delaviridine, efavirenze
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HIV protease inhibitors
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all end in nivir
Tirpanivir -only non peptide Proteus inhibitor |
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fusion entry inhibitor
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maraviroc
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fusion inhibitor: integrase strand transfer inhibitor
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ralegravir
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HBV
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nrtis: lamivudine- NRTI for HIV.
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vidarabine
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-antiherpitic
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ganciclovir
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anti-herpetic
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foscarnet use
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CMV retinitis
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ribavarin-
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guanine analog,
varicella |
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fomivirsen
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oligonucleotise that inhibits CMV through anti-sense mechanism
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dna polymerase inhibitors
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drugs that inhibit glufuronidation may increase toxicity. Stavudine and Zalcitable cause painful sensory peripheral neurropathy.
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NNRTIs
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selective for HIV-1: Nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz (less resistance)
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retroviral protease inhibitors
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Tipranavir- non peptide (all end in navir)
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enfurtivide
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gp41
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marovirox
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entry inhibition
not effective against CXCR4 |
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amantadine
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influenza a and parkisonism
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zanavir and oseltamivir (tamiflu)
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treat infl A + B but also flu
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palivizumab
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RSV infections
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