Pharm Test

Front 1

What drug is used to treat Dwarf Tapeworms? (Hymenolepsis nana)

Back 1

Praziquantel (Biltricide)

produces spastic paralysis in tapeworms

Front 2

What drug is used to treat Pinworms?

Back 2

Mebendazole (Vermox) (or can also use Antiminth)for children > 2yrs
Must treat all members of household.

Drug interactions: Tegretol and Dilantin may decrease drugs effectiveness

Best taken with High fat meals because there is increased absorption.

Front 3

What drug is used to treat roundworm?

Back 3

Also use Vermox

However, contraindicated during pregnancy.

Front 4

How is Giardiasis (protozoa) diagnosed?

Back 4

Collect 6 or more stools ove a period of weeks.

String test: Gel capsule on string, swallowed by pt. and then viewed under microscope

s/s flatulence, n/d, greasy stools, cramping

Front 5

How are protozoa treated?

Back 5

Flagyl (Metronidazole)

should take with food
Do not drink alcohol
Do not use in early pregnancy
Monitor for Leukopenia
URINE MAY DISCOLOR TO DARK OR REDDISH BROWN
also has metallic taste and can cause furry tongue/dry mouth

Front 6

how long does it take head lice to hatch from the nit stage? then how long ot mature to adult phase?

Back 6

7-10 days to hatch, then 7 days to mature to adult louse

Front 7

What drugs are used to treat lice?

Back 7

Pyrethrin (Rid) - OTC cream, leave on for 10 mins

Malathion (Ovide) - Rx, contains some alcohol so flammable. Must remain on hair for 8-12 hours.

Then must comb hair every 2 days for 2-3 weeks to remove all nits until lice are gone

Front 8

What is a good shampoo used to treat lice?

Back 8

Permethrin 1% (Nix)
leave in for 10 minutes

Front 9

What is used to treat Scabies?

Back 9

Permethrin 5% (elimite) and Nix

can also be used for head lice. fails to work in 5% of head lice cases.

leave meds on for 10 mins, skin and hair.

Front 10

what are some side effects of Atabrine (quinacrine) and what is the drug used to treat?

Back 10

used to treat protazoa infestation.

has a bitter taste and can cause yellow staining of skin, sclera, and urine.

Front 11

How are fungal infections (Tinea) diagnosed?

Back 11

view microscopic scrapings using a potassium hydroxide wet mount

Or view under a Wood's Lamp - black light test

Front 12

What is the most common drug used to treat tinea capitis? (scalp ringworm)

Back 12

Griseofulvin
-taken PO
-taken 4-8 weeks

Can also use Selenium Sulfide Shampoo
-2-3 times a week

Front 13

What are some contraindications for using Griseofulvin? How is it best taken?

Back 13

-hepatic disease - this is common with all oral antifungals.
-Should also monitor renal and heatopoietic functions
-Penicillin allergy

It is best to take with a Fatty Meal, it increases absorption

Front 14

How is Tinea Corporis (ringworm of the trunk) treated?

Back 14

Topical Antifungals - apply 1 inch beyond periphery of lesion

Tolnaftate (Tinactin)
Miconazole (Monistat)
Clotimazole (Lotrimin)

May cause burning, irritation, stinging at site.

Front 15

What is used to treat Tinea Unguium (nail fungus?)

Back 15

Terbinafine (Lamisil)

For fingernails use 6 weeks
Toenails - 12 weeks

May cause headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia.

WATCH LIVER TESTS, can cause liver failure
Can also cause TASTE Disturbances

Can also use Griseofulvin for 3-6 months

Front 16

What is used to treat Tinea Cruris (Jock Itch)?

Back 16

Econazole
Tinactin
Lotramin
Lamisil
all other topical antifungals

Front 17

What drug is used to treat diaper rash?

Back 17

Nyastatin

Front 18

What drugs are used in the first line of treatment against Glaucoma?

Back 18

Beta Blocker - Timolol
Alpha Adrenergic Agonist - Alphagen
Prostaglandin Analogs - Xalatan

Front 19

How do Timolol, Alphagen, and Xalatan affect the body?

Back 19

They decrease Interocular pressure by decreasing the formation of aqueous humor and increasing its outflow.

All of the drugs can cause burning, itching, low blood pressure and photophobia. Alphagen and Xalatan can also cause hyperemia.

Front 20

What is the one major side effect associated with the use of Xalatan?

What drugs does Timolol interact with?

Back 20

it is the prostaglandin anolog used to treat Glaucoma. It will turn lighter colored irises to BROWN.

Timolol must not be used if pt is using Digoxin or Verapamil. They can cause decreased heart rate or stoppage.

Front 21

What are the second line drug treatments for glaucoma?

Back 21

MIOTICS - effect muscles in eye, also increase rate of fluid leaving eye

Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist - Pilocarpine
&
Acetylcholinesterase- Echothiophate
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Trusopt
Sympathomimetics (Non-selective Adrenergic Agonists) - Epinephrine

Front 22

What is Pilocarpine used for? side effects?

Back 22

Miotic - 2nd line of defense for glaucoma.
stimulates muscles, constricts pupil and increases drainage from eye.

onset of action is 10-30 min, peak 75min

can induce ASTHMA
also can cause bradycardia, tachycardia, hypotension, decrease Night Vision

Front 23

What is Echothiopate used for? side effects?

Back 23

Indirect acting cholinergic agonist. 2nd line of defense against glaucoma

stronger than pilocarpine

CAN CAUSE CATARACTS
Use with caution for clients with Asthma or Hypertension

Front 24

What is epinephrine used for in relation to the eye?

Back 24

Sympathometics- 2nd line of defense for glaucoma

decreased IOP by increasing aqueous humor outflow, results in increased pupil size.

Can cause burning, pain, tearing
Use cautiously with pts with Dysrythmias and hyperthyroidism.

Front 25

What is Trusopt used for?

Back 25

2nd line of defense for glaucoma.

can cause metallic taste, tinnitus, transient myopia
GU - polyuria, hypokalemia, kidney stones

CHECK ALLERGIES TO SULFA DRUGS and USE CAUTIOUSLY WITH DIGIXON OR LITHIUM

Front 26

What are some alternative treatments for glaucoma?

Back 26

exercise, avoid Caffiene, Marijuana, acupuncture

Front 27

what drugs are used to relax pupil?

Back 27

atropine - long lasting -12 days
Tropicamide - 2-6 hours

used for eye exams, surgery, etc

Front 28

What is the most common Eye anesthetic?

Back 28

Tetracaine

Front 29

Drug used to treat conjunctivitis?

Back 29

Dexamenthasone (Ocudex) - corticosteroid

can cause burning and stinging, can aggravate glaucoma

Front 30

Ear antiinfective agent?

Back 30

Cortosporin Otic
use after tympanostomy, aural tube insertion, perforated ear drum.

Can cause irritation, burning, itching, swelling.

Front 31

Most common ceruminolytic?

Back 31

Debrox
Should be warmed before use

Front 32

Drugs that are Ototoxic?

Back 32

Aminoglycosides
- -mycin drugs
Anti-neoplastics
Diuretics
- furosemide, mannitol, bumetanide
Aspirin
Quinines
Environmental chems: mercury, lead, carbon monoxide, maganese, tin

Front 33

What is Meclizine used for?

Back 33

it is used to treat Vertigo, dizziness

classified as antiemetic-histamine receptor blocker
prescribed for motion sickness
CAN CAUSE DROWSINESS, do not use with SEDATIVES. Call MD if blurry vision occurs.

Front 34

Atrial Septal Defect

Back 34

causes Left to Right bloodflow in atria.
Oxygenated blood is then pumped back into the lungs and not systemic circulation. patients can be largely asymptomatic
Causes Slender build, heart murmer, shortness of breath.
Pulmonary HTN
THese children have NO exercise restrictions.

Front 35

Ventricular Septal Defect

Back 35

Blood flows from LEFT TO RIGHT in ventricles. oxygenated blood goes to lungs instead of circulating through body.
usually will close within 1st year of life.
Increased pulmonary HTN and RV hypertrophy. CHF

Front 36

Atrioventricular Canal Defect

Back 36

Allows blood to flow freely between four chambers of heart.

combination of defects involving mitral and tricuspid valves.

Commonly seen in children with down's syndrome. Can cause CHF.

Front 37

Patent Ductus Arteriosis

Back 37

vessel that connects the aorta to pulmonary artery, causes oxygenated blood to flow back into the pulmonary artery and back to lungs. Can cause RV hypertrophy.
Will have WIDENED pulse pressure and bounding pusles result from runoff of blood from aorta to pulmonary artery
If PDA remains open then heart failure can occur. Often given Indomethacin (prostaglandin inhibitor) to close hole.

Front 38

Coarctation of the Aorta

Back 38

blockage or narrowing of aorta, that obstructs blood flow into systemic circulation
-Causes high blood pressure in the LEFT ventricle (hypertrophy) and bounding pulses in arms
-may have weak or absent femoral pulses and cool lower extremities.

May show signs of CHF. May suffer from severe Acidosis and then hypotension

Front 39

Teratology of Fallot

Back 39

Large VSD, narrowing of outflow tract of RV into pulmonary artery, Aorta is enlarged and opening sits at VSD, and the RV wall is hypertrophied.
can at times cause Right to Left shunting, where unoxygenated blood goes to systemic circ.
may have "tet" spells of acute hypoxia and cyanosis. usually occur after crying or feeding.

Front 40

Transposition of great arteries

Back 40

two main arteries are connected to wrong chambers of heart. Will often have a Patent Ductus Arteriosus or patent foramen ovale. Needs to be kept open otherwise oxygenated blood won't get to body. Would be given Prostaglandin E.