Pharm Terms From Chap 11 Of Pharmacology & The Nursing Process 6Th Ed

Front 1

ACUTE PAIN

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Back 1

Pain that is sudden in onset, usually subsides when treated, and typically occurs over less than a 6-week period

Front 2

ADDICTION

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Back 2

A primary, chronic, neurobiologic disease whose development is influenced by genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors (same as psychologic dependence)

Front 3

ADJUVANT ANALGESIC DRUGS

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Back 3

Drugs that are added as a second drug for combined therapy with a primary drug and may have additive or independent analgesic properties, or both

Front 4

AGONIST

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A substance that binds to a receptor and causes a response

Front 5

AGONISTS-ANTAGONISTS

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Substances that bind to a receptor and cause a partial response that is not as strong as that caused by an agonist (also known as a partial agonist)

Front 6

ANALGESIC CEILING EFFECT

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Back 6

What occurs when a given pain drug no longer effectively controls a patient's pain despite the administration of the highest safe dosages

Front 7

ANALGESICS

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Back 7

Medications that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness (sometimes referred to as painkillers)

Front 8

ANTAGONIST

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A drug that binds to a receptor and prevents (blocks) a response

Front 9

BREAKTHROUGH PAIN

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Back 9

Pain that occurs between doses of pain medication

Front 10

CANCER PAIN

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Back 10

Pain resulting from any of a variety of causes related to cancer and/or the metastasis of cancer

Front 11

CENTRAL PAIN

(11)

Back 11

Pain resulting from any disorder that causes central nervous system damage

Front 12

CHRONIC PAIN

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Back 12

Persistent or recurring pain that is often difficult to treat. Includes any pain lasting longer than 3 to 6 months, pain lasting longer than 1 month after healing of an acute tissue injury, or pain that accompanies a nonhealing tissue injury.

Front 13

DEEP PAIN

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Back 13

Pain that occurs in tissues below skin level; opposite of superficial pain.

Front 14

GATE THEORY

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The most common and well-described theory of pain transmission and pain relief. It uses a gate model to explain how impulses from damaged tissues are sensed in the brain.

Front 15

NARCOTICS

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Back 15

A legal term established under the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914. It originally applied to drugs that produce insensibility or stupor, esp. the opioids (e.g., morphine, heroin). Currently used in clinical settings to refer to any medically used controlled substances and in legal settings to refer to any illicit or "street" drug. (NOTE: This term is falling out of use in favor of opioid).

Front 16

NEUROPATHIC PAIN

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Back 16

Pain that results from a disturbance of function or pathologic change in a nerve.

Front 17

NOCICEPTION

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Processing of pain signals in the brain that gives rise to the feeling of pain.

Front 18

NOCICEPTORS

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A subclass of sensory nerves (A and C fibers) that transmit pain signals to the CNS from other body parts

Front 19

NONOPIOID ANALGESICS

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Back 19

Analgesics that are not classified as opioids

Front 20

NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDS)

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A large, chemically diverse group of drugs that are analgesics and also possess antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity but are not steroids

Front 21

OPIOID ANALGESICS

(11)

Back 21

Synthetic drugs that bind to opiate receptors to relieve pain but are not themselves derived from the opium plant

Front 22

OPIOID NAIVE

(11)

Back 22

Describes patients who are receiving opioid analgesics for the first time and who therefore are not accustomed to their effects

Front 23

OPIOID TOLERANCE

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A normal physiologic condition that results from long-term opioid use, in which larger doses of opioids are required to maintain the same level of analgesia and in which abrupt discontinuation of the drug results in withdrawal symptoms (same as physical dependence)

Front 24

OPIOID TOLERANT

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Back 24

The opposite of opioid naive; describes patients who have been receiving opioid analgesics (legally or otherwise) for a period of time (1 week or longer) and who are therefore at greater risk of opioid withdrawal syndrome upon sudden discontinuation of opioid use

Front 25

OPIOID WITHDRAWAL

(11)

Back 25

The S/S associated with abstinence from or withdrawal of an opioid analgesic when the body has become physically dependent on the substance

Front 26

PAIN

(11)

Back 26

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

Front 27

PAIN THRESHOLD

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The level of a stimulus that results in the sensation of pain.

Front 28

PAIN TOLERANCE

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Back 28

The amount of pain a patient can endure without its interfering with normal function.

Front 29

PARTIAL AGONIST

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Back 29

A drug that binds to a receptor and causes an activation response that is less than that caused by a full agonist (same as antagonist-antagonist).

Front 30

PHANTOM PAIN

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Pain experienced in the area of a body part that has been surgically or traumatically removed.

Front 31

PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE

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A state of adaptation that is manifested by a drug class-specific withdrawal syndrome that can be produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of the drug, and/or administration of an antagonist. The physical adaptation of the body to the presence of an opioid or other addictive subtance.

Front 32

PSYCHOLOGIC DEPENDENCE

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A pattern of compulsive use of opioids or any other addictive subtance characterized by a continuous craving for the substance and the need to use it for effects other than pain relief

Front 33

REFERRED PAIN

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Pain occurring in an area away from the organ of origin.

Front 34

SOMATIC PAIN

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Pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, or joints.

Front 35

SPECIAL PAIN SITUATIONS

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Back 35

The general term for pain control situations that are complex and whose treatment typically involves multiple medications, various health care personnel, and nonpharmacologic therapeutic modalities (e.g., massage, chiropractic care, surgery).

Front 36

SUPERFICIAL PAIN

(11)

Back 36

Pain that originates from the skin or mucous membranes; opposite of deep pain.

Front 37

SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS

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Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone (1 + 1 = greater than 2)

Front 38

TOLERANCE

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The general term for a state of adaptation in which repetitive exposure to a given drug, over time, induces changes in drug receptors that reduce one or more of the drug's effects (same as physical dependence).

Front 39

VASCULAR PAIN

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Back 39

Pain that results from a pathology of the vascular or perivascular tissues

Front 40

VISCERAL PAIN

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Back 40

Pain that originates from organs or smooth muscles.

Front 41

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

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An international body of health care professionals, including clinicians and epidemiologists among many others, that studies and responds to health needs and trends worldwide.