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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When is aldesleukin used?
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in metastatic renal cell carcinoma in adults
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what is the M.O. of aldesleukin?
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it is IL-2, a T cell growth factor = stimulates T cells
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how is aldesleukin administered and what is the half life?
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given by IV; half life = 30-90 minutes
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what are the ADRs of aldesleukin?
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RENAL TOXICITY, capillary leak, myelosuppression, N&V, diarrhea, mucositis, anorexia, erythmia, imparied memory, irritability, headache, weight gain, increased liver enzymes
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when is aldesleukin contraindicated?
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tumors of T cell and similar lineages
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what is the M.O. of INFalpha-2a?
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it increases phagocytic activity of macrophages and cytotoxcity of lymphocytes for target cells
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how is INFalpha-2a administered and what is the half life?
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given by IV, half life = 2 hours
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what are the ADRs of INFalpha-2a?
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flu-like syndrome, myelosuppression, mood alterations, depression, hypotension, tachycardias, hepatotoxcity
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what is the M.O. of INFgamma?
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activates phagocytes, generation of toxic oxygen metaobites within phagocytes that kill target cells
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how is INFgamma administered and what is the half life?
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given by IV or IM; half life = 30 minutes
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what are the side effects of INFgamma?
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flu-like syndrome, anaphylaxis, GI upset
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what is epoetin-alpha used for?
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for anemia associated with chemotherapy BUT should be measure plasma EPO levels to determine if that is the cause of the anemia
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What is the M.O. of epoetin-alpha?
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stimulates stem cells to take the route of committed RBC precursors; acts at all stages of the process, takes 2-6 weeks to see effects
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how is epoetin-alpha administered and what is the half-life?
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given SQ or IV, half life = 4-13 hours
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what are the adverse effects of epoetin-alpha?
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headache, iron deficiency, HTN, sweating
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when is epoetin-alpha contraindicated?
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in erythroid based tumors
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what is filgrastim?
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colony stimulating factor (G-CSF: granulocyte)
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when is filgrastim used?
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as adjunct to chemotherapy agents known to cause neutropenia and in bone marrow transplants
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what is the M.O. of filgrastim?
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increases production of neutrophil precursors = increases PMNs and chemotactic activity of PMNs
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what are the ADRs of filgrastim?
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fever, bone pain
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when is filgrastim contraindicated?
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leukemias
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what is the M.O. of sargramostim?
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increases monocyte and granulocyte precursors = increases killing of tumor cells; higher doses stimulates RBC and platelet precursors
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what are the ADRs of sargramostim?
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hypotension, tachycardia, pericardial effusion, thrombocytopenia, headache, bone and muscle pain, fever, rash, pruritis
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when is sargramostim contraindicated?
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leukemias
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what is tretinion?
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differentiating agent - vitamin A derivative
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what is alitreinion?
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differentiating agent - vitamin A derivative
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what is bexaroten?
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differentiating agent - vitamin A derivative
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what is the M.O. of differentiating agents?
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binds to vitamin A receptors - 2 parts RXR and RAR
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which vitamin A receptor dose tretinion bind?
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RAR
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which vitamin A receptor dose alitretinion bind?
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both RAR and RXR
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which vitamin A receptor dose bexaroten bind?
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RXR
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what are the adverse effects of differentiating agents?
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skin irritation, sensitivity to light; PO bexarotene - hypercholesterolemia, hypothyroidism, leukopenia
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what is gemtuzumab ozogamicin used for?
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AML
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what is the M.O. of gemtuzumab ozogamicin?
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it is a antibody to CD33 (found on leukemic cells) conjugated to an anti-tumor antibiotic (calicheamicin) which killsthe cell
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how is gemtuzumab ozogamicin administered and what is the half life?
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given by IV, half life = 45-100 hours
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what are the ADRs of gemtuzumab ozogamicin?
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flu-like syndrome after infusion, generalized myelosuppression (DLT), elevated heaptic enzymes, oral mycositis
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when is denileukin diftitox used?
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in T cell lymphomas
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what is the M.O. of denileukin diftitox?
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IL-2 conjugated with a toxin (diphtheria), IL-2 targets T cells, toxin kills the cell
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how is denileukin diftitox administered and what is the half-life?
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given by IV, half life = 45-100 hours
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what are the ADRs of denileukin diftitox?
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flu-like syndrome after infusion, anemia, elevated hepatic enzymes, kidney toxicity, hypotension, increased chance of infection
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what is trastuzumab used for?
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breast cancer
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What is the M.O. of trastuzumab?
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antibody to HER2-neu oncogene, inhibits proliferative funciton of Ab, draws cytotoxic immune cells to tumor
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how is trastuzumab administered and what is the half life?
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given by IV, half-life = 1-2 days
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what are the ADRs of trastuzumab?
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flu-like syndrome, cardiac dysfunction
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What is the M.O. of imatinib?
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it is a small molecule kinase inhibitor that inhibits the BCR-abl kinase specifically
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how is imatinib administered and how is it metabolized?
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given by PO, metabolized by CYP3A4 = watch for inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4
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what are the ADRs of imatinib?
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GI upset, edema (more prominent with older patients), myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity - liver function should be watched
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what is geftinib?
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EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (selective)
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when is geftinib used?
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for lung cancer - non-small cell lung cancers express high levels of EGFR
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how is geftinib administered and metabolized?
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given by PO, biphasic clearnce - hepatic metabolism by CYP3A4
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what are the ADRs of geftinib?
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diarrhea, acne like rash
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what is eriotinib?
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EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor
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when is eriotinib used?
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in advnaced small cell lung cancers
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how is eriotinib administered and metabolized and what is the half-life?
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given PO, eliminated as metabolites in feces and urine, half life = 36.2 hours
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what are the ADRs of eriotinib?
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diarrhea and maculopapular rash
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what is cetuximab used for?
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colon cancer
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what is the M.O. of cetuximab?
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binds to EGFR and blocks binding of EFG to the receptor
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how is cetuximab given and what is the half-life?
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given by IV, serum elimination time = 114 hours
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what are the ADRs of cetuximab?
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acne-like skin rash, infusion reaction in some cases
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What is avastin used for?
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colon caner and renal cell carcinomas
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what is the M.O. of avastin?
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binds to VEGF and prevents VEGF from binding to the VEGFR
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how is avastin giving and what is the half-life?
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given by IV, half life = 20 days
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what are the ADRs of avastin?
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GI bleeding or perforatino, intra-abdominal abscess formation, abdominal pain, vomiting and constipation, HTN, proteinuria, pulmonary hemorrhage, epistaxis, thrombosis, asthenia, delayed would healing
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what is bortexomib used for?
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multiple myeloma
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what is the M.O. of bortexomib?
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small molecule inhbitor of the proteasome - inhibits cell proliferation and triggers cel death of tumor cells
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how is bortexomib given and what is the half life?
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given by IV, half life = 9-15 hours
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what are the ADRs of bortexomib?
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nausea, diarrhea, asthenia
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what is alemtuzumab used for?
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used for CLL, NHL
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what is the M.O. of alemtuzumab?
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Ab to CD52 (expressed on T cells, B cells , monocytes and platelets) that induces apoptosis
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how is alemtuzumab given?
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by IV
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what are the ADRs of alemtuzumab?
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flu-like syndrome, myelosuppression
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what are rituximab and ibritumomab tiuxetan used for?
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NHL - ibrtumomab more useful for low grade NHL
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what is the M.O. of rituximab and ibritumomab tiuxetan?
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Ab to CD20 (expressed on B cell precursors), triggers immune mediated cell killing; ibritumomab tiuxetan is rituximab with group on it that allows conjugation to radioactive nucleotide that kills the cell
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how are rituximab and ibritumomab tiuxetan administered and what is the half life?
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given by IV, half-life = 60 hours
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what is the adverse effect of rituximab and ibritumomab tiuxetan?
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flu-like syndrome
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what is sorafenib used for?
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advanced renal carcinomas and advanced hepatocellular carcinomas
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what is the M.O. of sorafenib?
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inhibits multiple kinases - cRAF kinase and block the activation of MAP kinase and blocks singaling pathways of VEGFR and PDGFR = inhibits tumor angiogenesis
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what are the ADRs of sorafenib?
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fatigue, weight loss, rash/superficial skin shedding, hand/foot skin reaction, hair loss, diarrhea, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain
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