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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metronidazole (flagyl, Metrogel)
Uses |
1) Alone or in combination for amebiasis
2) DOC: E. histolytica, G. Lamblia, T. Vaginalis 3) TX Anaerobic Baceria: B. Fragilis, C. Difficile 4) Bacterial Vaginosis or Gardnerella vaginitis 5) Topically for Rosacea |
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Metronidazole (flagyl, Metrogel)
Mechanism |
1) Converted to active metabolite that binds to protein and disrupts various cellular processses
2) Can interact with parasite's DNA |
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Metronidazole (flagyl, Metrogel)
Pharmacokinetics |
1) Well absorbed orally
2) Effective against intestinal and extraintestinal 3) Metabolized by liver 4) Use with caution in liver disease |
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Metronidazole (flagyl, Metrogel)
Side effects |
1) GI
2) Metallic taste 3) Reddish color of urine 4) Not to be taken with EtOH: Disulfram like 5) Carcinogenic in rodents 6) Not recommended in Pregnancy, 1st trimester |
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Iodoquinol (Yodoxin, Moebiquin)
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Effective against Trophozoite and cysts of E. Histolytica
Useful in asymptomatic amebiasis Poorly absorbed orally |
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Iodoquinol (Yodoxin, Moebiquin)
Side effect |
Rare, due to iodide
Skin Reactions Thyroid enlargment Headache Diarrhea |
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Paromomycin (Humatin)
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1) Effective against Trophozoites and cysts of E. Histolytica
2) Effective against T. Vaginalis 3) Aminoglycoside antibiotic 4) Poor oral absorption 5) GI side effects |
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Quinacrine (Atabrine)
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Antimalarial effective against G. Lamblia
Best drug in those who can tolerate it Being replaced by metronidazole Binds DNA Is cheap |
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Quinacrine (Atabrine)
Toxicity |
1) Headache
2) Dizziness 3) Hallucinations 4) GI upset 5) Skin Rashes 6) Allergic Rxn 7) Yellow discoloration of skin 8) More toxicity in Kids |
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TMP/SMX
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Kill bacteria Giardia and E. Histolytica need to survive
DOC: pneumocystosis Alternative Toxoplasmosis Prophylaxis in AIDS for P. Jirovecii |
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TMP/SMX
Toxicity |
Rash
Pruritis cyclopenias Transaminase elevation |
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Atovaquone (Mepron)
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Treats pneumocystosis in patient who don't tolerate TMP/SMX
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Pyrimethamine (Daraprim) /Sulfadiazine/Folinic acid
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DOC Toxoplasmosis
More effective than pyrimethamine/clindamycin |
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Mebendazole (Vermox)
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1) Binds tubulin, interferes protein function
2) Systemic toxicity low 3) Effective against: round worms, whipworms, hookworms, and pinworms 4) Combine with steroids for trichinosis 5) Topically for Cutaneous larva migrans |
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Mebendazole (Vermox)
Side effects |
Teratogenic
Abdominal discomfort Diarrhea |
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Pyrantel Pamoate (Antiminth)
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1) Cholinesterase inhibitor
2) Worms are more susceptible (roundworm, pinworms, hookworms) 3) Few systemic effects 4) Side effect: Dizziness, headache, drowsiness 5) OTC |
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Niclosamide (Niclocide)
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1) Effective against most tape worms
2) Inhibits anaerobic oxidative phosphorylation in the worm 3) Causes worm to detach 4) Single dose cure 5) TX of T. solium add laxative 6) Not effective for cysticercosis |
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Niclosamide (Niclocide)
Side effects |
1) No drug effects
2) Headache 3) Rash 4) Pruritis 5) Due to antigenic material released from worm 6) Loose stools 7) Abdominal discomfort |
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Praziquantel (Biltricide)
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1) DOC schistosomes
2) Effective against cestodes, and trematodes 3) Effective against neurocysticercosis 4) Increases worms permeability Ca++ 5) Causes paralysis of worm muscles 6) Good for systemic infections |
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Praziquantel (Biltricide)
Side effects |
1) Nausea
2) Vomiting 3) Abdominal discomfort 4) From dead worm proteins |
