Pharm Quiz 1

Front 1

Pharmacology

Back 1

study of drugs and their interactions with living systems

Front 2

Drug

Back 2

any chemical that can affect living processes

Front 3

Clinical Pharmacology

Back 3

study of drugs in humans

Front 4

Therapeutics

Back 4

use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy

the medical use of drugs

Front 5

Generic name

Back 5

name associated w/ specific drug molecule

(acetaminophen)

Front 6

Trade name

Back 6

associated with manufacturer

(Tylenol)

can be multiple trade names

Front 7

Pharmacokinetics

Back 7

study of drug movement throughout the body

what the body does to the drug

(absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)

Front 8

pharmacodynamics

Back 8

study of biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanism by which those effects are produced

(what the drug does to the body)

Front 9

indication

Back 9

what a drug can be used for

Front 10

Contraindication

Back 10

pre-existing condition that precludes use of particular drug

Front 11

precaution

Back 11

pre-existing condition that significantly increases risk of an adverse reaction to particular drug

Front 12

adverse drug reaction

Back 12

any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses

Front 13

Toxicity

Back 13

adverse reaction caused by excess of drug

Front 14

drug interaction

Back 14

drug's activity/effects are altered by another factor

drug-drug, drug-food, drug-supplement

Front 15

adherence

Back 15

extent to which a pt's behavior coincides w/ medical advice

Front 16

tolerance

Back 16

decreased responsiveness as a result of repeated drug administration

Front 17

tachyphylaxis

Back 17

tolerance that develops due to repeated doses over short time

Front 18

pharmacogenetics

Back 18

study of how genetic variations affect individual drug responses

Front 19

FDA

Back 19

safety and efficacy, drug approval process

Front 20

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

Back 20

Enforcement of controlled substances Act

illegal drugs, legal use of controlled subst.

Front 21

CII

Back 21

Controlled/scheduled; list by state

Front 22

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

Back 22

adulteration and misbranding of foods/drugs

Front 23

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938

Back 23

sulfanilamide tragedy

testing for safety

Front 24

Durham-Humphrey Amendment of 1951

Back 24

prescription/nonprescription categories

Front 25

Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962

Back 25

effectiveness as well as safety

formalized drug approval process

Front 26

Controlled Subts Act of 1970

Back 26

categories for drugs that have a high potential for abuse and addiction

5 schedules

Front 27

Schedule 1

Back 27

high potential for abuse (heroin, LSD)

none in US

Front 28

Schedule II

Back 28

high potential for abuse, w/ accepted medical use

must have prescription - no refills

Front 29

Schedule III

Back 29

lower abuse potential (anabolic steroids, tylenol w/ codeine)

up to 5 refills in 6 months

Front 30

Schedule IV

Back 30

lower abuse potential

refill up to 5 times in 6 months

(Valium, Xanax)

Front 31

Schedule V

Back 31

lowest abuse potential

OTC in some states

SD does not have any schedule V

Front 32

Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 70

Back 32

child-resistant containers

Front 33

Federal Anti-tempering act of 82

Back 33

tamper evident packaging - foil covers

Front 34

Dietary supplement health and education act of 94

Back 34

classify vitamins, minerals, and herbal products as dietary supplements

Front 35

Drug Approval Process

Back 35

takes 10-15 years to get approved

-Preclinical testing (lab & animal)

-Phase I (healthy vol.; safety/pharmacokinetics)

-Phase II (safety and efficacy)

-Phase III (pt w/ condition; effectiveness & adverse effects)

-Phase IV (post market surveillance)

Front 36

Side Effect

Back 36

secondary effect produced at therapeutic doses- predictable

Front 37

Allergic reaction

Back 37

immune response

Front 38

Idiosyncratic effect

Back 38

uncommon drug response; not necessarily be assoc. w/ drug - opposite of what was expected

(Benadryl)

Front 39

Iatrogenic disease

Back 39

disease produced by drugs

Front 40

physical dependence

Back 40

withdrawal symptoms upon termination

Front 41

Carcinogenic effect

Back 41

cancer-causing

Front 42

Teratogenic effect

Back 42

drug-induced birth defect

difficult to identify

Cat. A - remote risk

Cat B - slightly more risk (studies not done in women)

Cat C - greater risk

Cat X - proven risk of fetal harm(risk outweighs benefit)

Front 43

absorption

Back 43

movement of drug from its site of administration into the blood

Front 44

Distribution

Back 44

drug movement from the blood to the interstitial space of tissues & from there into the cells

Front 45

Metabolism

Back 45

enzymatically mediated alteration of drug structure

Front 46

Excretion

Back 46

movement of drugs and their metabolites out of body

Front 47

Bioavailability

Back 47

ability of drug to reach the circulation intact from site of administration

Front 48

enteric-coated preparations

Back 48

dissolve in intestine

Front 49

Sustained release

Back 49

steadily release drug over long period

Front 50

absorbency during pregnancy

Back 50

increased absorption time

Front 51

pediatric absorption

Back 51

lower acidity (higher pH)

Front 52

Geriatric absorption

Back 52

rate of absorption is slower, gastric acidity reduced

Front 53

Distribution factors

Back 53

1. blood flow to tissues

2. ability of drug to exit vasculature

3. ability of drug to enter cells

Front 54

Peds protein binding

Back 54

limited due to low albumin; increase in free amt of drug (adult level by 1)

Front 55

Metabolism

Back 55

(biotransformation)

most occurs in liver

cytochrome P450

Front 56

metabolic tolerance

Back 56

accelerated drug metabolism - drug clears system faster

Front 57

metabolism in pregnancy

Back 57

increases

Front 58

Steps in renal drug excretion

Back 58

1. glomerular filtration

2. tubular reabsorption

3. active tubular secretion

Front 59

Excretion in pregnancy

Back 59

increase - double renal blood flow by 3rd trimester

Front 60

Pediatric excretion

Back 60

decreased - low renal blood flow

Front 61

how to assess renal function

Back 61

creatinine clearance

Front 62

half-life

Back 62

time required for amt of drug in body to decrease 50%

Front 63

receptors

Back 63

functional macromolecule in a cell to which a drug binds to produce its effects

Front 64

Affinity

Back 64

strength of attraction between drug and receptor (potency)

Front 65

intrinsic activity

Back 65

ability of drug to activate receptor after binding (efficacy)

Front 66

Agonist

Back 66

activate receptors; bind well & produce response

Front 67

Antagonists

Back 67

block actions; decrease body's response

Front 68

partial agonists

Back 68

mimic action like agonist w/ reduced intensity

Front 69

physical or chemical interactions

Back 69

do not involve receptors