Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Inhibit synaptic activity of primary afferents and spinal cord pain transmission neurons
|
Ascending pathways
|
|
|
Activation of these receptors close Ca2+ ion channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release
|
Presynaptic mu, delta, and kappa receptors
|
|
|
Activation of these receptors open K+ ion channels to cause membrane hyperpolarization
|
Postsynaptic Mu receptors
|
|
|
Tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except
|
Miosis and constipation
|
|
|
All opioids except this agent (which has a muscarinic blocking action) cause pupillary constriction
|
Meperidine
|
|
|
SE of these drugs include dependence, withdrawal syndrome, sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression nausea and vomiting, constipation, biliary spasm, increased ureteral and bladder tone, and reduction in uterine tone
|
Opioid Analgesics
|
|
|
Strong opioid agonists
|
Morphine, methadone, meperidine, and fentanyl
|
|
|
Opioids used in anesthesia
|
Morphine and fentanyl
|
|
|
Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states
|
Methadone
|
|
|
Opioid available trans-dermally
|
Fentanyl
|
|
|
Opioid that can be given PO, by epidural, and IV, which helps to relieve the dyspnea of pulmonary edema
|
Morphine
|
|
|
Use of this opioid with MAOI can lead to hyperpyrexic coma, and with SSRI's can lead to serotonin syndrome
|
Meperidine
|
|
|
Moderate opioid agonists
|
Codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone
|
|
|
Weak opioid agonist, poor analgesic, its overdose can cause severe toxicity including respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, pulmonary edema, and seizures
|
Propoxyphene
|
|
|
Partial opioid agonist, considered a strong analgesic, has a long duration of action and is resistant to naloxone reversal
|
Buprenorphine
|
|
|
Opioid antagonist that is given IV and had short DOA
|
Naloxone
|
|
|
Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs
|
Naltrexone
|
|
|
These agents are used as antitussive
|
Dextromethorphan, Codeine
|
|
|
These agents are used as antidiarrheal
|
Diphenoxylate, Loperamide
|
|
|
Most commonly abused in health care professionals
|
Heroin, morphine, oxycodone, meperidine and fentanyl
|
|
|
This route is associated with rapid tolerance and psychologic dependence
|
IV administration
|
|
|
Leads to respiratory depression progressing to coma and death
|
Overdose of opioids
|
|
|
Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, weakness, gooseflesh, nausea, and vomiting, tremor, muscle jerks, and hyperpnea are signs of this syndrome
|
Abstinence syndrome
|
|
|
Treatment for opioid addiction
|
Methadone, followed by slow dose reduction
|
|
|
This agent may cause more severe, rapid and intense symptoms to a recovering addict
|
Naloxone
|
|
|
Antidote used for opioid toxicity
|
Naloxone (IV), naltrexone (PO)
|
|
|
Antidote used for benzodiazepine toxicity
|
Flumazenil
|
