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50 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Anabolic steroids that have potential for abuse (3)
Nandrolone, oxymetholone, and oxandrolone
Anti-androgen used for hirsutism in females
Cyproterone acetate
Drug is used with testosterone for male fertility
Leuprolide
Pancreatic hormones, antidiabetics, and hyperglycemics
What do alpha cells in the pancreas produce?
Glucagon
What do beta cells in the pancreas produce?
Insulin
Where are beta cells found in the pancreas?
Islets of Langerhans
What do delta cells in the pancreas produce?
Somatostatin
Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin abuse
C-peptide
Exogenous insulin contains
Little C-peptide
Endogenous insulin contains
Normal C-peptide
Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action
Lispro (Humalog), aspart, glulisine
Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia
Regular (Humulin R)
Long acting insulin
Ultralente (humulin U)
Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action (2)
Glargine (Lantus), detemir
Major SE of insulin
Hypoglycemia
Receptor important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver
GLUT 2
Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation
GLUT 4
Two examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)
Acarbose, miglitol
MOA of AGI's
Act on intestine, delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides
SE of AGI's (3)
Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's
Acarbose
Amino acid derivative, active as an insulin secretagogue
Nateglinide (Starlix)
MOA of nateglinide
Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP-sensitive K+ channel
Biguanide
Metformin
Drugs available in combination with metformin
Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone (Glucovance, Metaglip, Avondamet)
MOA of metformin (3)
Decreases hepatic glucose production
Decrease intestinal glucose absorption
Increase insulin sensitivity
Vascular effects of metformin
Decreased micro and macro vascular disease
Most important potential SE of metformin
Lactic acidosis
Incidence of hypoglycemia with metformin
none
Meglitinide class of drugs
Repaglinide
MOA of repaglinide
Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea
First generation sulfonylureas (3)
Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.
Second generation sulfonylurea (3)
Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.
MOA of both generations of sulfonylureas
Cause insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels
Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide
Hypoglycemia
Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life
Chlorpropamide
Thiazolidinediones (3)
Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)
Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market
Hepatic toxicity
MOA of thiazolindinediones
Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
SE of Thiazolindinediones (3)
Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism
Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation
Glucagon
Drugs used in bone homeostasis
Available bisphosphonates (6)
Alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, pamidronate, tiludronate, and zoledronic acid
MOA of Bisphosphonates
Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption
Only bisphosphonate available IV
zoledronate
Uses of bisphosphonates (4)
Osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia from malignancy
Major SE of bisphosphonates
Chemical esophagitis
Bisphosphonate that cannot be used on continuous basis because it caused osteomalacia
Etidronate
Used for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women
Estrogen (HRT-Hormone replacement therapy)