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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anabolic steroids that have potential for abuse (3)
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Nandrolone, oxymetholone, and oxandrolone
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Anti-androgen used for hirsutism in females
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Cyproterone acetate
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Drug is used with testosterone for male fertility
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Leuprolide
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Pancreatic hormones, antidiabetics, and hyperglycemics
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What do alpha cells in the pancreas produce?
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Glucagon
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What do beta cells in the pancreas produce?
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Insulin
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Where are beta cells found in the pancreas?
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Islets of Langerhans
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What do delta cells in the pancreas produce?
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Somatostatin
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Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin abuse
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C-peptide
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Exogenous insulin contains
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Little C-peptide
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Endogenous insulin contains
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Normal C-peptide
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Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action
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Lispro (Humalog), aspart, glulisine
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Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia
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Regular (Humulin R)
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Long acting insulin
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Ultralente (humulin U)
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Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action (2)
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Glargine (Lantus), detemir
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Major SE of insulin
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Hypoglycemia
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Receptor important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver
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GLUT 2
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Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation
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GLUT 4
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Two examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)
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Acarbose, miglitol
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MOA of AGI's
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Act on intestine, delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides
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SE of AGI's (3)
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Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps
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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's
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Acarbose
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Amino acid derivative, active as an insulin secretagogue
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Nateglinide (Starlix)
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MOA of nateglinide
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Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP-sensitive K+ channel
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Biguanide
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Metformin
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Drugs available in combination with metformin
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Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone (Glucovance, Metaglip, Avondamet)
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MOA of metformin (3)
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Decreases hepatic glucose production
Decrease intestinal glucose absorption Increase insulin sensitivity |
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Vascular effects of metformin
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Decreased micro and macro vascular disease
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Most important potential SE of metformin
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Lactic acidosis
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Incidence of hypoglycemia with metformin
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none
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Meglitinide class of drugs
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Repaglinide
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MOA of repaglinide
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Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea
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First generation sulfonylureas (3)
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Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.
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Second generation sulfonylurea (3)
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Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.
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MOA of both generations of sulfonylureas
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Cause insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels
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Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide
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Hypoglycemia
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Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life
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Chlorpropamide
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Thiazolidinediones (3)
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Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)
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Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market
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Hepatic toxicity
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MOA of thiazolindinediones
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Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
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SE of Thiazolindinediones (3)
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Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism
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Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation
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Glucagon
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Drugs used in bone homeostasis
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Available bisphosphonates (6)
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Alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, pamidronate, tiludronate, and zoledronic acid
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MOA of Bisphosphonates
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Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption
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Only bisphosphonate available IV
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zoledronate
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Uses of bisphosphonates (4)
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Osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia from malignancy
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Major SE of bisphosphonates
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Chemical esophagitis
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Bisphosphonate that cannot be used on continuous basis because it caused osteomalacia
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Etidronate
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Used for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women
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Estrogen (HRT-Hormone replacement therapy)
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