Pharm-Oncology

Front 1

Alkylating Agents

Back 1

Non-specific cell, MOA: Interferes with cell division and structure of DNA or synthesis of DAN during both the dividing and resting stages of malignant cell (G1 & S)
SE: bone marrow suppression, N&V, alopecia, damage to epithelial tissues (hair, skin, bladderhemorrhagic cystitis---dose limiting!)
Nursing Considerations: Monitor weight, I & O, electrolytes, plasma protein. Encourage small, frequent meals.

Front 2

Antimetabolite Agents

Back 2

MOA: Enters cell and deprives it of necessary substances or causes formation of abnormal DNA (works on synthesis phase of division)
SE: bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, photosensitivity, alopecia, N&V, pulmonary toxicity
Dose Limiting SE: hepatotoxicity, tubular necrosis (renal damage)
Nursing Considerations:: Monitor fluids (weight, I&O), lytes, BUN & creat, LFTs
G1 and S

Front 3

Antibiotic Antineoplastic Agents

Back 3

MOA: Kills tumors by binding to neoplastic cells’ DNA; also possess some anti-infective properties but never used alone as an antibiotic to treat other diseases; inhibits cell processes of normal and malignant cells
SE: bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, alopecia, N&V, irreversible cardiomyopathy, severe tissue damage if extravasation occurs
Dose limiting SE: cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity
Nursing Considerations: Obtain baseline PFT and EKG and monitor from there. Inform client that their urine will be red-orange 48 hours after receiving dose. Do not push in drugs too fast or extravasation can occur.

Front 4

Plant Alkaloids

Back 4

M phase
MOA: inhibits mitosis, causing cell death
SE: bone marrow suppression (except Vincristine is a bone marrow sparing agent), alopecia, peripheral neuropathies, stomatitis, N&V, tumor pain, SIADH
Dose limiting SE: peripheral neurotixicity

Front 5

Podophyllotoxins

Back 5

S and G2
MOA: inhibits topoisomerase, which is necessary for DNA synthesis
SE: similar to alkaloids, plus acute hypotension if infused too quickly and transient liver abnormalities, giving to kids

Front 6

Interferons

Back 6

MOA: Interferes with DNA and protein synthesis. Has antiviral and antitumor effects.
SE: flu-like symptoms, neurotoxicity, bone marrow suppression
Nursing Considerations: watch for signs of infection

Front 7

Interleukin-2

Back 7

MOA: Stimulates lymphocytes to become killer cells to destroy tumor cells.
SE: vascular leak syndrome, flue-like symptoms, skin/mucosal changes

Front 8

Biological Response Modifiers/Colony Stimulating Factors

Back 8

MOA: Neupogen stimulates neutrophils. Epogen stimulates erythrocytes. Used to treat anemia and neutropenia
SE: N&V, hair loss, bone pain
Nursing Considerations:

Front 9

Imuran

Back 9

MOA: Suppresses T&B cell-mediated immunity. Used to prevent organ rejection in transplants.
SE: anorexia, N&V, leukopenia, megaloblastic anemia

Front 10

Cyclosporine

Back 10

MOA: Blocks synthesis of interleukin-2.
SE: increased risk for infection, increased risk for cancer, nephrotoxicity, tremors, HTN

Front 11

Immunoglobulins

Back 11

Isolated from plasma. Given to prevent certain infections. IM only

Front 12

Cryoprecipitate

Back 12

Contains factors VIII, X, and fibrinogen. Used to treat Hemophilia A, Von Willebrand’s Disease, and DIC. Administer rapidly IV.

Front 13

Granulocytes

Back 13

WBC/fighter cells. Used to treat leucopenia secondary to cancer itself of chemotherapy. Administer rapidly IV.