Pharm Module I - Drug Interactions And Adverse Effects

Front 1

Minor drug rxn

Back 1

No Therapy, antidote or prolongation of hospitalization required

Front 2

Moderate drug rxn

Back 2

Requires change in drug therapy, specific treatment or prolongs hospitalization by at least one day

Front 3

Severe drug rxn

Back 3

Potentially life threatening, causes permanent damage or requires intensive medical treatment

Front 4

Lethal drug rxn

Back 4

Directly or indirectly contributes to death of the patient

Front 5

What 6 serious adverse events must be reported to FDA?

Back 5

1. Death

2. Life-threatening

3. Hospitalization (initial or prolonged)

4. Disability or Permanent Damage

5. Congenital Anomaly/Birth Defect

6. Required Intervention to Prevent Permanent Impairment or Damage (Devices)

Front 6

Excessive pharmacological action of the drug due to overdosage or prolonged use leads to _______.

Back 6

Drug toxicity

Front 7

Drug toxicity may be_______or________.

Back 7

absolute (accidental, homicidal, suicidal)

or

relative(therapeutic dose of gentamicin in presence of renal failure)

Front 8

Intolerance

Back 8

The appearance of the characteristic toxic effects of a drug in an individual at therapeutic doses.

Front 9

Intolerance is due to the ________ of the patient to the drug effect

Back 9

Low threshold

Front 10

what is a drug allergy

Back 10

An immunologically mediated reaction producing stereotype symptoms which are unrelated to the pharmacodynamic profile of the drug

Front 11

Drug allergies are largely independent of _____.

Back 11

dosage

Front 12

drug allergy is also called______.

Back 12

drug hypersensitivity

Front 13

The drug or its metabolite acts as an _______and induce production of antibodies

Back 13

antigen

Front 14

Drugs Frequently Causing Allergic Reactions

(Please Send The Sluts Around Cuz All Like Penis)

Back 14

•Penicillins

•Sulphonamides

•Tetracyclines

•Salicylates

•ACE inhibitors

•Cephalosporins

•Allopurinol

•Local anesthetics

•Phenothiazines

Front 15

what is Photosensitivity?

Back 15

A reaction resulting from drug induced

sensitization of the skin to UV radiation

Front 16

5 examples of drugs that cause photosensitivity?

(Try To Save Pink Flamingos)

Back 16

Tetracyclines

Thiazides

Sulfones

Phenothiazines

Fluroquinolones

Front 17

Drug withdrawal rxn

Back 17

Sudden interruption of therapy with certain drugs results in adverse consequences

Front 18

Drug withdrawal rxn's will ________ the clinical condition for which the drug was used

Back 18

worsen

Front 19

what is drug dependence?

Back 19

A state in which use of drugs for personal

satisfaction is accorded a higher priority than other basic needs, often in the face of known risks to health.

Front 20

what are two types of drug dependence?

Back 20

1.Psychological dependence (e.g.cocaine, BZD)

and

2.Physical dependence (withdrawal symptoms on stoppage of the drug

Front 21

physical drug dependence is due to ______.

Back 21

neuroadaptation

Front 22

physical dependence leads to _____.

Back 22

addiction

Front 23

The tendency of a drug to cause fetal

abnormalities when administered to the

pregnant mother is called ______.

Back 23

Teratogenicity

Front 24

the placenta is a ______ barrier to drugs.

Back 24

weak

Front 25

what two factors determine the type of

malformation.

Back 25

drug and stage of exposure

Front 26

a drug can affect a fetus in which 3 phases

Back 26

1. Fertilization & implantation

2. Organogenesis

3. growth & development

Front 27

length of fertilization & implantation

Back 27

conception to 17 days

Front 28

exposure to teratogen in the fertilization and implantation leads to______otherwise known as______.

Back 28

failure of pregnancy

all or none

Front 29

length of organogenesis

Back 29

18-55 days of gestation

Front 30

which of the 3 stages is most vulnerable

Back 30

organogenesis

Front 31

what occurs in this phase if exposed to a

teratogen

Back 31

deformities

Front 32

length of growth & development phase

Back 32

56 days to birth

Front 33

what kind of abnormalities can occur in this phase

Back 33

developmental & functional

Front 34

what is the safest category of pregnancy

Back 34

category A

Front 35

which category is considered HIGH risk & can only be administered if there are no other options for life saving

Back 35

category D

Front 36

most drugs on the market are what category

Back 36

category C

Front 37

what category is contraindicated in pregnancy

Back 37

category X

Front 38

what are drug induced diseases

Back 38

functional disturbances caused by drugs which persist even after the offending drug has been withdrawn

Front 39

drug induced diseases are also called

Back 39

iatrogenic diseases

Front 40

One of the factors that can alter the response to drugs is_______.

Back 40

concurrent administration of other drug

Front 41

two types of drug-drug interactions

Back 41

pharmacokinetic & pharmacodynamic

Front 42

pharmacokinetic is_____.

Back 42

absorption,distribution, metabolism, excretion

Front 43

pharmacodynamic is ______.

Back 43

additive,synergistic, or antagonistic effects

Front 44

Pharmacodynamic Interactions occur when

Back 44

drugs with similar pharmacologic effects are

administered concurrently

Front 45

proper use of drugs can ______ adverse effects

Back 45

minimize

Front 46

what is PPB

Back 46

plasma protein binding

Front 47

what can effect PPB

Back 47

diseases

Front 48

drugs may compete for the same protein. if drug B binds more than Drug A, Drug A's plasma concentration______. this can lead to ________of drug A

Back 48

increases, adverse effects

Front 49

Microsomal enzymes inducers do what?

what does it lead to?

Back 49

increase synthesis of an enzyme

Decreased duration & intensity of a drug action

Front 50

what is the name of the enzyme

Back 50

cytochrome P450 enzyme

Front 51

where is it found

Back 51

liver

Front 52

other inducers include_____.

triple A(AAA) Gives A Car

Back 52

Anticonvulsants(Phenytoin barbiturates, carbamazepine)

Aromatichydrocarbons (smoking)

Antibiotics– Rifampin

Glucocorticoids*

Antifungal – Griseofulvin

Chronicalcoholism

Front 53

microsomal enzyme inhibitors do what?

what does it lead to?

Back 53

Decreased synthesis of cytochrome P450 liver enzymes

slow metabolism of a drug so it stays longer in the body

Front 54

4 examples of microsomal enzymes inhibitors

Back 54

1 .Antiulcer drugs (Cimetidine#1 & omeprazole)

2. Grapefruit juice

3. Antibiotics (Chloramphenicol,macrolides,

ritonavir– HIV protease inhibitor,

ketoconazole- antifungal)

4. Acute alcohol

Front 55

consequence of microsomal enzymes inhibitors

Back 55

Toxicity of the drug whose metabolism has been inhibited