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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the Parkinson Drugs.
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BALSA
Bromocriptine (Pergolide, Pramitexole, Ropinirole) Amantadine Levadopa (Carbidopa) Seliguine (Capones: Enta and Tolca) Antimuscarinic (Benzotropine: Park your Mercedes Benz) |
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Which Parkinson Drug act on the Dopamine Receptors, which receptors?
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Bromocriptine, all the others associated with Bromocriptine (D1 and D2 receptors)
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What do the "A" Drugs do in Parkinsons?
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Increase Dopamine
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What does the "S" Drugs do in Parkinsons?
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Prevents Dopamine Breakdown
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What is the best combination therapy for Parkinsons?
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Carbidopa
Levodopa Entacapone |
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What is the problem with Tolcacapone?
How do the Capones work? |
Hepatotoxic
COMT Inhibitors |
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What is Seleguine?
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MAO-B Inhibitor
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How does the last A in BALSA work to improve Parkinsons Disease?
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Antimuscarinic Drug
Benzotropine is the drug Curbs excess cholinergic activity so it works on the tremor and rigidity but not the bradykinesia |
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Why is Carbidopa given with L-dopa?
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Carbidopa is given with Ldopa to increase bioavailability of Ldopa so the metabolism is decreased with Carbidopa
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What is the side effect with Amantadine?
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Livido Reticularis (bluish molting of skin
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Which dopamine receptor is for typical?
Atypical? |
D2A
D2B |
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Name the muscarinic antagonist.
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Atropine,
Benztropine, Scopalamine (motion sickness), Ipratropium (asthma), Oxybutanin, Methscopalamine |
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Name the Alzheimer Drugs and mechanism.
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Memantine (NMDA receptor antagonist: blocks glutamate receptor)
Dr. G (Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor) Donepezil Rivastigmine Galantamine |
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Name the Opoid Analgesics.
What's the toxicity? How do you treat the toxicity? |
Morphine
Fentanyl Codeine Heroin Methadone Meperidine Dextromethorphan Respiratory Depression Pinpoint Pupils CNS Depression (coma) *Tolerance doesn't develop Miosis and Constipation Naloxone/Naltrexone |
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Which of the opiod analgesic work as a neuroleptic analgesic?
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Fentanyl
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Which of the opoid analgesics is used for morphine withdrawal?
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Methadone
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Which of the opoid analgesics can give you biliary colic?
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Meperidine
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Name a partial agonist at the neu receptor, agonist at kappa receptors.
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Butorphanol
Less respiratory depression |
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What is a very weak opoid agonist that also inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake and what is it used for?
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Tramadol
Tram it all in Used for chronic pain |
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What is an inhaled anestetic that is preferred in children?
Name another one not in children. |
Sevoflurane
Halothane |
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What is the toxicity of halothane?
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Hepatotoxicity
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What is the toxicity with inhaled anesthetics?
What do you treat that with? |
Malignant Hyperthermia
Dantrolene |
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Which drug for tonic-clonic (TC) seizures and is a class 1B antiarrthmic that induces the Cytochrome-P450 system?
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Phenytoin
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What would you give an alcoholic that needs an anesthetic?
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Tetracaine (ester)
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Which epileptic drug treats tonic-clonic (TC) seizures and inhibits glutamate or NMDA?
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Lamotrigine
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Name the antipsychotics/neuroleptics.
What's their mechanism? What's the primary clinical use? |
Haloperidol
Trifluoperizine Fluphenazine Thioridizine Chlorpromazine Typical antipsychotics which block D2A receptors Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia (hearing voices, tourette's syndrome) |
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What are the 4 primary side effects of taking typical antipsychotics?
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1) EPS
2) NMS (FEVER: Fever, Encephalopathy, Vitals unstable, Elevated enzymes, and rigidity of muscles)/ treatment is dantrolene 3) Tardive Dyskinesia 4) Anticholinergic (like dry mouth and constipation) |
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Which antipsychotic is also used an antiemetic?
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Chlorpromazine
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Which atypical antipsychotic has a long QT (Torsades de Pointes)?
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Thioridazine
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Which 3 drugs would you use with Bipolar in order?
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1) Valproic Acid
2) Lithium 3) Carbamazepine |
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OCD?
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Clomipramine, also SSRI like sertraline
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What does the drug name for Ritalin?
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Methylphenidate
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Name the atypical antipsychotics?
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Olanzapine
Clozapine Quietapine Risperidone Ariprazole Ziprazadone It's atypical for old clothes to quietly risper from A-Z |
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Which atypical antipsychotics is used for OCD?
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Olanzapine
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What is the mechanism for atypical antipsychotics?
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Blocks 5-HT2, alpha, H1, and dopamine receptors
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Which of the atypical antipsychotics is used for autism?
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Quietapine (that's easy because they are quiet)
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Which atypical antipsychotic gives EPS?
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Risperidone
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Which atypical antipsychotic can give you agranulocytosis, profound depletion of PMN leukocytes?
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Clozapine
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What is the treatment for Lithium OD?
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Amiloride
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BW: Neuroleptic Analgesia?
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Fentynl and Haloperidol
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What is the toxicity for litium overdose?
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Nephrogenic DI
MD: LMNOP Lithium Movement (Tremor) Nephrogenic DI (Polydipsia and Polyuria) hypOthyroidism Pregnancy Problems |
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What would you give for shipwork sleep disorder?
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Modafinil
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What is the treatment for alcoholism?
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Disulfuram (Antabuse)
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Name your TCA's?
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Imipramine
Amitryptiline Desipramine Nortyrptiline Clomipramine Doxepin Amoxapin (tetra) |
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What is the toxicity in TCA's?
How would you treat this? |
Tri C's
Convulsions Coma Cardiotoxicity NaHCO3 for CV toxicity |
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Which of the TCA's is least sedating but causes sudden cardiac death in children?
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Desipramine
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Which TCA is used for chronic pain?
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Amitrypitline and Nortriptline
Remember chronic pain in TCA's with tripping |
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TCA for Anxiety?
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Doxepin
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Which of the TCA has the most cholinergic effects (mydriasis and acute glaucoma)?
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Amitryptiline
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What is the mechanism for TCA?
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Block reuptake of NE and serotonin.
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Name the SSRI's.
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Fluoxetine
Paroxetine Sertraline Citalopram |
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What is possible toxicity for SSRI's?
How would you treat this? |
Serotonin Syndrome
Hyperthermia Muscle Rigiity CV collapse flushing diarrhea seizures Cyproheptadine (5HT2 receptor antagonist |
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What drug is used to treat GAD?
What's the mechanism? |
Buspirone
Stimulates 5-HT1A receptor |
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Name the 2 SNRI's.
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Venlafaxine (GAD: b/c vans and buses gives us GAD)
Duloxetine |
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Name the 2 things that stop NE reuptake.
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Tricyclics and Maprotaline
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Name what stops Serotonin reuptake (the 2 things).
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SSRIs
Trazadone |
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Name what can stop the alpha-2 receptors which would then increase release NE and serotonin.
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Mirtazapine
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Name the MAO inhibitors.
What is the toxicity? What are MAOs contraindicated with? |
Phenylzine
Tranylcypromine Isocarboxazid Seleguine SSRI's and Meperidine Hypertensive Crisis with Tyramine rich foods (wine and chees) ingestion |
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Panic disorder?
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Alprazolam (Benzodiazapine)
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Name the 3 types of drugs that affect blood.
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Antiplatelet
Anticoagulant Thrombolytic/Fibrolytic |
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What drug would you give for anemias especially renal failure?
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Erythropoietin (epoetin)
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What's the mechanism for Aspirin?
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Irreversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2, which in turn decreases Thromboxane and Prostaglandins
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What is aspirin used for in:
Low Dose Medium Dose High Dose |
Low Dose: <300 mg: Platelet Aggregation
Medium Dose: 300-2400mg: antipyretic and analgesic High Dose: 2400-4000mg: antiinflammatory |
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Who should not take aspirin?
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Children with viral infections (could get Reyes Syndrome)
can cause GI upset |
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Name the NSAIDs that reversibly inhibit COX.
What are NSAIDs used for? |
Ibuprofen
Indomethocin Naproxen Antipyretic Analgesic Anti-inflammatory Can also cause GI distress |
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Which COX is anti-inflammatory?
Which COX is antiplatelet? |
COX-1
COX-2 |
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Which COX inhibitor mostly works in the CNS?
What's the anidote? |
Acetaminophen
N-acetyl cysteine that regenerates glutathione |
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Which drug is used to treat Paget's disease of the bone or osteroporosis in postmenopausal women?
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Bisphosphanates (all end in dronate)
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Name the Antiplatelets that work to inhibit ADP.
What is the mechanism? What something to know about this antiplatelets? |
Clopidogrel (Agranulocytosis)
Ticlopidine Clostazol (peripheral artery disease) Inhibit IIb/IIIa Glanzman Thromasthenia Alternative to Aspirin |
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Name an antiplatelet that increases bleeding time but has no effect on PT or PTT.
What is the mechanism for both? What drug prevents embolization on prosthetic heart valves? |
Aspirin (ASA: Acetyl Salicylic Acid)
and Dipyridamole Inhibit thromboxane (TXA2) Dipyridmaole |
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Name the 2 anticoagulants.
Name the anticoagulant that causes purple toes. |
Heparin
Warfarin Warfarin see page 357 |
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What are the anidotes for both anticoagulants?
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Warfarin: Vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma
Heparin: Protamine Sulfate |
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What is a thrombin inhibitor used as an alternative to heparin with HIT for angioplastic patients?
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Bivalirudin and Lepirudin
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Buzzword for Bivalirudin?
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Unstable angina undergoing PTCA
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Name the new low-molecular weight heparin and what it acts on.
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Enoxaparin
Acts more on Xa and has 2-4 times longer half-life |
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Name the thrombolytics/fibrinolytics.
Name the mechanism. |
Streptokinase
Urokinase t-pa (alteplase) reteplase APSAC (anistreplase) Directly aids in conversion of plasminogen into plasmin which cleaves thrombin and fibrin-clots, increases PT, increass PTT, with no change to platelet count |
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What's the toxicity for thrombolytics/fibrinolytics?
What is the clinical use? |
aminocaproic acid
early MI as an alternative to angioplasty |
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Buzzword: Patient hemmorhaging, what do you give?
Patient who is deficient in clotting factors, give? |
Whole Blood
Fresh Frozen Plasma |
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What do you give for treatment for Carcinoid Syndrome?
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Somatostatin
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What is it called when a young female post-partum with inability to lactate due to hypopituitarism?
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Sheehan's Syndrome
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Hormone that increases calcium production?
Hormone that decreases calcium production? |
increases calcium: PTH
decreases calcium: Calcitonin Calcitonin tones down calcium |
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How do you test for Cushing's?
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Dexamethasone suppression test (synthetic glucocorticoid)
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What's the treatment for primary hyperaldosteronism or Conn's Syndrome?
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Spironolactone (K+ sparing diuretic)
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What is Addison's Disease?
What is the treatment? Buzzword? |
Too little cortisol
Cortisol/glucocorticoid Fludrocortisome |
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What are your lab values for Hyperthyroidism?
Hypothyroidism? All going up? All going down? |
Hyperthyroidism: decrease TSH, increase T3 and T4
Hypothyroidism: incrase TSH, decrease T3 and T4 all down: probably pituitary all up: subacute thyroiditis (de Quervan's or viral) |
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Buzzword for protruding umbilicus?
What caused this? |
Cretinism in kids
Myxedema in adults Lack of Iodine in diet |
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What is Hashimoto's Thyroiditis?
What are the 2 buzzworded antibodies? |
Most common cause of hypothyroidism
Autoimmune Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies Anti-microsomal antibodies |
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Which disease would you have pretibial myxedema?
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Graves Disease or Hyperthyroidism
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Goiter, what caused it?
What's the treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism? |
Potassium Iodide
Calcitonin and bisphosphanates because you would have hypercalcemia |
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What does the patient present with primary hyperparathyroidism?
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"Stones, Bones, Moans, and Groans"
Kidney Stones Bones (Hypercalcemia) Moans (don't really know) Groans (constipation) |
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How would secondary hyperparathyroidism present?
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Hypocalcemia
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How would you treat a pituitary adenoma?
How would the patient present? |
Bromocriptine or Cabergoline (dopamine agonist)
Amenorrhea Galactorrhea Infertility Bitemporal Heminopia (most common prolactinoma) |
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How would you treat Acromegaly?
What is this condition in prepubertal kids? |
Treatment: Pituitary Adenoma resection followed by Octreotide, pegvisomant
Gigantism |
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How would you treat Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
How would you treat Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)? How would you treat Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI)? |
Adequate fluid intake
Intranasal Desmopressin (which is an ADH analog) Hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) Indomethacin Amiloride |
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How would you distinguish between CDI and NDI?
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Water deprivation test
If they respond to desmopressin then it's CDI |
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How would you treat SIADH?
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Demeclocyclin (Inappropriate for Demi Moore to name her kid Rumor)
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What are the 2 drugs used for treatment for hyperthyroidism?
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Propylthiouracil (PTU: not good in pregnancy. Agranulocytosis)
Mehimazole |
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What are the 2 drugs for treatment for hypothryoidism?
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Levothyroxine (T4)
Triodothryornine(T3) |
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Hypopituitarism, what's the drug?
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Cortisol or Glucocorticoids first. (ALWAYS answer this first)
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Name the H2 blockers.
Name the H2 blocker that is a potent inhibitor for C-P450? |
Table for 2, Dine
Cimetidine |
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Name the proton pump inhibitors.
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end in -prazole
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Name the triple therapy for H. Pylori.
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Metronidazole
Amoxicilline (or Tetracycline) BIsmuth PPl - Please MAke my Tummy Better |
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What's the toxicity for Metronidazole?
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Disulfuram-like reaction with alcohol; headache, metallic taste
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Name the Muscarinic antagonist used to treat a peptic ulcer.
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Pirenzepine
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Name the 3 drugs used for Antacid use and the side effect for each.
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Aluminum hydroxide: mimimum amount of feces
Magnesium hydroxide: must go to the bathroom Calcium carbonate: hypercalcemia (TUMS) |
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Which drug is used for Crohn's disease and Rhematoid Arthritis which is an antibody to TNF?
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Infliximab
INFLIXimab INFLIX pain on TNF |
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Which drug is used to treat both inflammatory bowel diseases: UC and Chron's?
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Sulfasalazine
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Which drug is used as an antiemetic in cancer chemotherapy and what is the mechanism of action?
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Ondansetron
5HT3 antagonist so you can keep on dancing |
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Name the antiemetic that inhibits dopamine.
Toxicity? |
CTZ (Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone)
Metoclopramide EPS |
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Name a couple anti-diarrheals.
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Loperamide (Deer turds like a loper)
Diphenoxalate (Euphoria) + Atropine (to deter euphoria) |
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Name the synthetic GnRH used to treat infertility.
What can be used in lieu of GnRH if used in a pulsatile fashion? |
Gonadorhelin
Leuprolide in lieu of GnRH If continuosly, then antagonistic |
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What's a drug that's an agonist at the androgen receptor to treat hypogonadism?
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Test (Methyltestosterone)
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Name the 4 anti-androgens and the primary use of each.
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Finasteride (Propecia: used to reduce 5-alpha reductase in BPH and male pattern baldness)
Flutamide (Prostate Carcinoma) Ketoconazole (along with spironolactone for PCOS to prevent hirsutism) Spironolactone |
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What is a natural herb that inhibits DHT?
What is the pharaceutical drug that inhibits the enzyme responsible for the conversion of Testosterone to DHT? |
Saw Palmetto. Inhibits conversion of testosterone to DHT.
Finasteride. Inhibits the enzyme 5-alpha reductase. |
