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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Etiology of bacterial memingitis,
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Strep. Pneumonia, H. flu, and Neisseria meningitidis.
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Risk factors for Bacterial meningitis
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Sickle cell anemia, asplenic status, cochlear implants, head tauma, immunosupression, mastoiditis, URT infection, otitis media, alcoholism
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Vaccines for Meningitis
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Hib, prevnar, menomune (college-age kids).
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Consequences of Meningitis
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Sensorineural hearing loss, hydrocephalus, focal sensory motor defects, seizure disorder, death.
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Layers of the meninges
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dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater, subarachnoid space - b/w arachnoid and pia mater
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Factors which increase penetration of antibiotics to the CSF
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meningeal inflammation, low molecular weight, lipid soluable, low protein bound medications
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Non-therapuetic levels in the CSF +/- inflammation
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First and second gen. cephlosporins and aminoglycosides
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Clinical presentation of meningitis
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headaches, seizures, nausea, photophobia, fever, positive Brudzinski's and Kernig's sign, and rash with N. Meningiditis
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Diagnostic tests for meningitis
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LP, blood culture, and rapid diagnostics
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LP findings for meningitis
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elevated WBC, elevated neutrophils, elevated protein, low glucose, positive gram stain most of time.
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Rationale for dexamethasone use
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counters the subarachnoid space inflammatory process which can leads to many of the phathophysiologic consequences of meningitis
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When to use dexamethasone with meningitis
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infants and children with H. flu infection, infants and children with pneumoccocal (controversial), adults with pneumoccocal. Start prior to antibiotics
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When to use prophylaxis wtih bacterial meningitis
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Contacts of patients with H. flu (rifampin) and N. meningiditis (ciprofloxacin).
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Common etiology of viral encephalitis
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enterovirus(85), arbovirus(west nile) HSV, adenovirus, HIV, flu
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Clinical presentation of viral encephalitis
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headache with mild fever, nuchal rgidity, malaise, photophobia, descreased LOC
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Most signif morbidity and mortality associated with these caused of viral encephalitis
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west nile virus and HSV
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WNV associated encephalitis is treated with...
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supportive care, anti-seizure medications, and treatment for increase ICP
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HSV encephalitis treatment
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supportive care , anti-seizure, and acyclovir
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