Pharm Lipids

Front 1

Type I

Back 1

Familiar Hyperchylomicronemia
-elevated chylomicrons/triglycerides
-caused by deficit in LPL or apo CII
-no increase in CAD risk
-controlled by diet

Front 2

Type IIA

Back 2

Familial Hypercholesterolemia
-Dec number of LDL receptors
-Elevated LDL/normal VLDL
-Inc serum cholesterol but normal tri
-Increase CAD risk
-controlled by diet, cholestyramines, colestipol, statins, niacin

Front 3

Type IIB

Back 3

Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia
-Like IIA but with elevated VLDL due to overproduction
-Inc in CAD risk
-controlled by diet, cholestyramines, colestipol, statins, niacin

Front 4

Type III

Back 4

Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia
-Elevated IDL causes high cholesterol/tri
-mutant ApoE
-causes xanthomas and CAD
-controlled by low cholesterol diet, cholestyramines, colestipol, statins, niacin; no etoh

Front 5

Type IV

Back 5

Familial Hypertriglyceridemia
-overproduction of VLDLs or dec removal of tris
-elevated VLDL; normal LDL
-normal cholesterol, elevated tris
-obesity, diabetes, alcholics, late preg
-controlled by low cholesterol diet, controlled carbs, fibrates, statins, niacin

Front 6

Type V

Back 6

Familial Mixed Hypertriglyceridemia
-Increased production or decreased clearance of VLDL’s and chylomicrons
-Elevated VLDL’s and chylomicrons
-Obesity and diabetes
Treatment
Weight loss
Diet: low cholesterol, controlled carbohydrates, no alcohol
Niacin, fibrates, and statins

Front 7

Diet influences on lipoprotein levels

Back 7

-Increased carbohydrates raise VLDL transiently
-Simple sugars increase VLDL and triglycerides
-Alcohol increases VLDL secretion and hence triglycerides
-Fiber reduces LDL

Front 8

Statins are..

Back 8

-HMG CoA reductase inhibtors
-Block synthesis of cholesterol
-Increase affinity of LDL receptors

Front 9

Niacin

Back 9

-Blocks lipolysis in adipose tissue
-Reduces synthesis of LDL and VLDL
-Particularly useful for Type IIB and Type IV hyperlipidemia

Front 10

Bile Acid Binding Resins

Back 10

-Particularly useful for Types IIA and IIB
-Resins bind and prevent their recycling

Front 11

Fibrates

Back 11

-Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
-Activate PPAR-a
-Increase activity of lipoprotein lipase
-Particularly useful for Type III