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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a DRUG?
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Any CHEMICAL that can affect living processes
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What is PHARMOCOLOGY?
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The STUDY of drugs and their interactions with living systems
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Bodies Response to Drugs
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Absorption
Distribution Metabolism Excretion |
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Therapeutics / Pharmacotherapeutics
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The use of drugs to:
- diagnose - prevent - treat disease - prevent pregnancy |
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Therapeutic Objective
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to provide MAXIMUM benefit with MINIMUM harm
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The 6 (7) rights
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The right drug
to the right patient with the right dose by the right route at the right time with the right documentation - and the right education |
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Why do we administer drugs?
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Administration is based on the premise of cause and effect relationship
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Why is Pre-Assessment important?
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Provides the foundation data for the evaluation phase of the nursing process and determination of the therapeutic effect and adverse reactions
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First priority of medications needed when large number taken and scheduled
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Cardiac
Blood Pressure Diabetes |
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Minimize Adverse Reactions by:
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Do your pre-assessment (determine a baseline)
Reassess patient early and often (watch for reactions) Know the time line of medications given (watch for reactions and effectiveness) |
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Controlled Substances: Schedule Categories
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C-1 - High Abuse Potential - No Medical Use - Severe Dependency
C-2 - High Abuse Potential - Accepted Medical Use - Severe Physical and Psychological Dependency C-3 - <C-2 Abuse Potential - Accepted Medical Use - Moderate Physical and Psychological Dependency C-4 - <C-3 Abuse Potential - Accepted Medical Use - Limited Physical or Psychological Dependency C-5 - <C-4 - Accepted Medical Use - Limited Physical and Psychological Dependency |
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What is Chemical Name?
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Based on chemical composition
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What is Generic Name?
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Name assigned by US Adopted Names Council and usu. taken from properties of chemical name
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What is Trade Name?
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Name the pharmoceutical company name gives their drug. Same drug manufactured by several companies can have different names for the same product.
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What is Bioavailability?
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The ability of a drug to reach the systemic circulation
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Cultural Considerations
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Ethnic - Afican Americans have the most risk factors
Religious - usu. Asian Americans Environmental - geographics Genetic Socioeconomic |
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What is Pharmacokinetics?
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How the 'drugs move in the human body' - Absorption & Distribution
How the 'drugs are metabolized' - Metabolism How the 'drugs are excreted' - Excretion |
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Absorption is:
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*Movement of drug form site of administration to the blood*
and is based on: - Preparation of drug - Amount of medication - Route of administration |
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"Depot" preparation
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drugs absorb very slowly over an extended period of time
- drugs will be thick (yogurt consistency) and cloudy or white - use larger needle, 18g-20g |
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Distribution is:
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*movement of drugs throughout the body*
and is based on: - blood flow (circulation) - exiting the vascular system (plasma protein binding-albumin) - barriers (blood-brain, need fo transport systems, etc) |
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Pregnancy Safety Categories
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Cat. A - No risk to fetus
Cat. B - No risk to animal fetus, not avaliable for human fetus Cat. C - Adverse effects to animal fetus, not available for human fetus Cat. D - Possible risk in humans, consider potential risk v. benefit may warrant use Cat. X - Fetal Abnormalities reported and s/not be used |
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Metabolism is:
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*enzymatic change in a drugs chemical structure - biotransformation*
and is based on: - Age - Drugs (types concurrently given and competition for receptor sites) - Nutritional/Protein (decr. protein=decr binding) - First Pass effect (rapid inactivation in liver) |
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Side Effect
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nearly avoidable secondary drug effect produced by therapeutic doses
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Toxicity
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any adverse drug reaction, but usually caused by excessive dosing
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Allergic Reaction
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an immune response
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Idiosyncratic Effect
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an uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition
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Iatrogenic Disease
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disease produced by physician or more specifically by drugs
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Carcinogenic Effect
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ability of certain medications and environmental chemicals to cause cancers
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Teratogenic Effect
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drug-induced birth defect
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