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254 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What antibiotics inhibit topoisomerases?
|
Quinolones
(end in -floxacin) |
|
|
What are the -floxacins used to treat?
|
Gram -
E. coli Klebsiella C.jejuni Pseudomanas Gonorrhea Salmonella/ Shigella Enterobacteria |
|
|
What is the main adverse effect of quinolones (-floxacin)?
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GI disturbances
|
|
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How do bacteria evolve resistance to quinolones (-floxacin)?
|
Mut type II topoisomerase
Express membrane porins or efflux pumps |
|
|
What are the bacterial inhibitors of transcription (complex w bacterial DNA dep RNA polymerase)?
|
Rifabutin
Rifampin |
|
|
What is Rifampin used for?
|
Prophylaxis of meninogococcal dx
Mycobacteria (TB) |
|
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What are the main toxicities of Rifampin (5)?
|
Hepatotoxicity
Red urine and fluids GI probs Rash Fever |
|
|
What are the antimicrobial drugs that target the 30S ribosomal subunit (16S)?
|
Aminoglycosidews
Spectinomycin Tetracyclines Glycyclines |
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What are the Aminoglycosides?
|
BACTERIOCIDAL!
end in mycin or micin (+amikacin) |
|
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What are the aminoglycosides used to treat?
|
Gram -
|
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What are the toxicities of aminoglycosides?
|
Ototoxicity
Acute renal failure (nephrotox) NM blockade Resp paralysis |
|
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What should aminoglycosides be administered with?
|
beta lactam antibiotics
|
|
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How does resistance occur in aminoglycosides?
|
1. plasmid encoded enzymes that inactivate
2. impaired drug entry 3. mutation of target on 30S |
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What is Spectinomycin used to treat?
|
Gonorrhea
(inhibits translocation) |
|
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What are the tetracyclines?
|
End in -cycline
|
|
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What are tetracyclines used to treat?
|
Gram + or -
|
|
|
What are the main toxicities of tetracyclines (5)?
|
Discoloration of teeth (kids)
Temp stunting of growth (kids) Photosensitvity GI disturbances Kidney tox |
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Which of the tetracyclines safer to use in people with kidney failure?
|
Doxycycline
|
|
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Blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the A site on the mRNA ribosome complex?
|
Tetracycline
|
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How is resistance developed to the tetracyclines?
|
Plasmid encoded efflux pumps
Production that interferes w binding Enzymatic inactivation |
|
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What special instructions would you give your patient taking tetracyclines?
|
Empty stomach bc Ca2+ interferes w/ absorption
|
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What is the glycyclcyclines?
|
Tigecycline
|
|
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What is Tigecycline used for?
|
IV use for serious skin and abscess infections
|
|
|
What antimicrobials target the 50S ribosomal subunit (23S)?
|
Macrolides/ketolides
Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Streptogramins Linezolid |
|
|
What are the macolides/ketolides?
|
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin Erythromycin |
|
|
What are the macrolides and ketolides used to treat?
|
Pul Infections
(esp Legionella) |
|
|
What are the toxicities of the macrolides (5)?
|
Acute cholestatic hepatitis
Jaundice Fever Impaired LFT's GI probs |
|
|
How is resistance developed against the macrolides?
|
Chromo mutations (changes in 50S binding site)
Methylase that alters 50S binding site Esterase that degrade macrolides |
|
|
What is Chloramphenicol used to treat?
|
Broad spectrum (+ and -, aerobic and anaerobic)
Bacteroides H. Influenza Neisseria Rickettsiae (thypoid) |
|
|
What are the toxicites of chloramphenicol (2)?
|
Aplastic anemia
Gray Baby |
|
|
What is Gray Baby Syndrome?
|
Flaccid
Hypothermia Res distress Acidosis |
|
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What drugs should chloramphenicol not be administered with?
|
Penicillins (antag)
Aminoglycosides (antag) Warfarin (inhibits hepatic met) Phenytoin (inhibits hepatic met) |
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|
What is clindamycin (lincosamide) used to treat?
|
Anaerobics (bacteroides)
|
|
|
What is the main adverse effect of clindamycin?
|
Pseudomembraneous colitis
(C. Diff) |
|
|
What is the streptogramins (dalfopristan/quinupristan) used to treat?
|
BACTERIACIDAL
VRE |
|
|
What is Linezolid (oxazolidinones) used to treat?
|
VRE
MRSA S. pneumoniae S. pyogenes |
|
|
What are the antibiotics that are inhibitors of murein monomer synthesis?
|
Fosfomycin
Cycloserine Bacitracin |
|
|
What is fosfomycin used to treat?
|
Gram - UTIs
(E. coli, Klebsiella, Clostridia) |
|
|
What are the adverse effects of fosfomcin (3)?
|
HA
Diarrhea Nausea |
|
|
PEP analogues that inhibit bacterial enol pyruvate transferase by covalent modification of enzymes's active site (inhibits UDP-NAM and UDP-NAG)?
|
Fosfomycin
Fosmidomycin |
|
|
What can fosfomycin be taken with?
|
Beta-lactams
Aminoglycosides Fluroquinolones |
|
|
What can fosfomycin NOT be taken with?
|
Antacids
Metoclopramide |
|
|
What is cycloserine used to treat?
|
TB
|
|
|
What is the toxicities (3) of cycloserine?
|
Seizures
Peripheral neuropathy Psychosis |
|
|
What are the contrindications of taking cycloserine (3)?
|
Depression, anxiety, psychosis
Severe renal insufficiency Alcohol abuse |
|
|
Inhibits both alanine racemase and D-ALA, D-ALA synthetase?
|
Cycloserine
|
|
|
What can be taken to avoid the peripheral neuropathy associated with cycloserine?
|
Pyridoxine
|
|
|
What drugs should not be taken with cycloserine?
|
Alcodol
Isoniazid Ethinamide Phenytoin |
|
|
What is bacitracin used to treat?
|
Cutaneous and eye infections
GI decontamination of C. Diff or VRE |
|
|
What is the adverse effects of bacitracin (3)?
|
If systemic absorption
Nephrotoxic Neurotoxiticty Bone marrow suppressio |
|
|
Inhibits dephosphorylation of bactoprenol pyrophosphate (lipid)?
|
Bacitracin
|
|
|
Bind to D-Ala, D-Ala terminus of the murein monomer unit and inhibits transglycosidase, thereby preventing addition of murein units to the growing polymer chain?
|
Vancomycin
|
|
|
What is Vancomycin used to treat?
|
MRSA
C. Diff enterocolitis Gram + rods and cocci |
|
|
What are the adverse effects of Vancomycin (6)?
|
Neutropenia
Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Red man syndrome Drug fever Hypersensitivity rash |
|
|
How do microbials acquire resistance to the beta-lactams?
|
Chromosome muts in transpeptidase (MRSA)
Plasmids with beta-lactamase |
|
|
Inhibit transpeptidase by forming a covalent (dead end)acyl enzyme intermediate?
|
Cillins (5)
Cephalosporins (6) |
|
|
IV penicillin?
|
G
|
|
|
What are penicillin G and V used to treat?
|
S. pyogenes
Oral anarobes N. meningitides Clostridia pneumonia Syphilis Leptospirosis Prophylaxis of rheymatic fever (V) |
|
|
What are the adverse effects of penicillin G and V?
|
Seizures
Hemolytic anemia Acute interstitial nephritis Drug induced lupus |
|
|
What happens in the hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin?
|
Anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, angioedema, cardiovascular collapse, urticaria, rash, serum sickness, and fever
|
|
|
What is oxa, cloxa, dicloxa, naf, and methicillin used to treat?
|
Skin and soft tissue infections or systemic infections with beta-lactamase producing methicillin sensitive S. aureus
|
|
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What are teh adverse effects of oxa, cloxa, dicloxa, naf, and methicillin?
|
Diarrhea
Nausea Vomiting Pseudoembraneous enterocolitis (c and d) Hepatitis (oxacillin) Interstitial nephritis, phlebitis and agranulocytosis (nafcillin) |
|
|
Beta-lactamase resistant?
|
oxa, cloxa, dicloxa, naf, and methicillin
|
|
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What is ampicillin and amoxicillin used to treat?
|
Broad spectrum
|
|
|
What is ampicillin and amoxicillin administered with to prevent degradation by beta-lactamase?
|
Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam |
|
|
What is carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, and mezlocillin used to treat?
|
Broad spectrum but primarily for P. aeruginosa
Klebsiella and enterococci (piper and mez) |
|
|
What are the first generation cephalosporins?
|
Cefazolin
Cephalexin |
|
|
What are the first generation cephalosporins used to treat?
|
Gram +
Proteus E. coli Klebsiella Skin and soft tissue infections Surgical prophylaxis |
|
|
What are the second generation cephalosporins?
|
Cefuroxime
Cefotetan Cefoxitin |
|
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What are the second generation cephalosporins used to treat?
|
H. Influenza and pneumonia (cefuroxime)
Bacteroides and intra-abdominal/pelvic infections (Cefotetan and cefoxitin) |
|
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What are the adverse effects of second generation cephalosporins?
|
Diarrhea
Liver enzyme elevation Hypersensitivity Agranulocytosis Intersitial nephritis |
|
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What 2 cephalosporins have a disulfiram like reaction with alcohol ingestion and block synthesis of vitamin K dependant coag factors?
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Cefotetan
Cefoperazone |
|
|
What are the third generation cephalosporins?
|
Cefotaxime
Ceftizoxime Ceftriaxone Cefoperazone Ceftazidime |
|
|
What are the third generation cephalosporins used to treat?
|
Gram -
N. gonorrhea Borrelia H. Influenza Enterobacteria (ceftriaxone is all the above) P. aeruginosa (ceftazidime) |
|
|
What is the adverse effect of ceftriaxone?
|
Cholestatic hepatitis
|
|
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Which cephalosporins penetrate the CNS?
|
Third generation
|
|
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What cephalosporins are resistant to beta-lactamase?
|
Inc through generations
(first not at all and fourth totally) |
|
|
What does cefepime (fourth generation) used to treat?
|
Enterobacteria
Neisseria H. influenza P. aeruginosa Gram + |
|
|
What is the adverse effect of cefepime?
|
Erythrocye autoantibodies wo significant hemolysis
|
|
|
What antibioticw inhibit polymer crosslinking?
|
Monobactams
Carbapenems |
|
|
What is aztreonam used to treat?
|
Gram - (p.aeruginosa)
|
|
|
What is the adverse effect of aztreonam?
|
IV phlebitis
(good for ppl allergic to penicillin) |
|
|
What are the carbapenems?
|
Imipenem
Meropenem Ertapenem |
|
|
What are the carbapenems used to treat?
|
Gram + and -
(except MRSA, VRE, andf Legionella) |
|
|
What are the adverse effects of the carbapenems (3)?
|
High plasma levels of I am M may cause seizures
Hypersensitivity IV phlebitis |
|
|
What is taken with imipenem to inhibit renal dehydropeptidase I (that would inactivate it)?
|
Cilastatin
|
|
|
What is ethambutol used to treat?
|
TB
|
|
|
What are the adverse effects of Ethambutol (2)?
|
Optic neuritis (impaired acuity, loss of color discrimination, consticted visual field, and scotomata)
Blindness |
|
|
Decreases aravinogalactan synthesis by inhibiting arabinosyl transferase that adds arabinose units to the growing arabinogalactan chain?
|
Ethambutol
|
|
|
What is pyrazinamide used to treat?
|
TB
|
|
|
What are the adverse effects of pyrazinamide (3)?
|
Hepatotoxicity
Arthralgias Hyperuricemia |
|
|
Inhibits FAS I?
|
Pyrazinamide
(resistance caused by preventing prodrug activation) |
|
|
What doews isoniazid used to treat?
|
TB
(CIDAL!) |
|
|
What are the adverse effects of Isoniazid?
|
Hepatitis
Neurotoxicity (ataxia, paresthesias, peripheral neuropathy) |
|
|
Inhibit mycolic acid synthesis by targeting FAS2?
|
Isoniazid
|
|
|
What can prevent isoniazid's neurotoxicity?
|
Pyridoxine supplements
|
|
|
Resistance to this drug is caused by mutations that inactivate catalase-peroxidase?
|
Isoniazid
|
|
|
What fungi is flucytosine used to treat?
|
Candidasis
Cryptococcosis Chromomycosis |
|
|
What are the adverse effects of flucytosine (anti-fungal) (3)?
|
BM suppression
GI probs Hepatic dysfunction |
|
|
What is flucytosine (Anti-fungal) contraindicated in?
|
Pregnancy
|
|
|
What is the best combo used to kill Aspergillus?
|
Flucytosine
Amp B |
|
|
How do fungi establish resistance against Flucytosine?
|
Mut in cytosine permease or cytosine deaminase
|
|
|
What is the anti-fungal Griseofulvin used to treat?
|
Inf of skin, hair, or nail due to Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton
|
|
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What are the adverse effects of the anti-fungal Griseofulvin?
|
Hepatotoxicity
Albuminuria Leukopenia Neutropenia Monocytosis Serum Sickness Angioedema Toxic epidermal necrolysis HA Lethargy Vertigo Blurred vision Inc fecal protoporphyrin Exfolitative dermatitis |
|
|
What is the anti-fungal Griseofulvin contraindicated in?
|
Pregnancy
|
|
|
Binds to tubulin and a MT-ass protein, thereby disrupting assembly of the mitotic spindle?
|
Griseofulvin
|
|
|
Converted to 5-FdUMP, which inhibits thymidylate sunthase and thereby intereferes with DNA synthesis?
|
Flucytosine
|
|
|
Inhibits conversion of squalene to lanosterol by inhibiting squalene epoxidase?
|
Terbinafine
Naftifine Butenafine |
|
|
What are the anti-fungal -fines used to treat?
|
Onychomycosis (terb)
Tineas |
|
|
What are the adverse effects of the anti-fungal -fines?
|
Hepatotoxicity
Stevens-Johnsone Neutropenia Exacerbation of psioriasis Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (oral terbinafine) |
|
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What is the use of the anti-fungal terbinafine contraindicated in?
|
Pregnancy
Renal and hepatic failure |
|
|
More effective against the common dermatophytes?
|
Terbinafine
Naftifine Butenafine |
|
|
Inhibit ultimate conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol by inhibiting 14 alpha-sterol demethylase and the resulting decrease in ergosterol syntheisis and accumulation of 14 alpha methyl sterols disrupts the tightly packed acyl chains of the PLs in the fungal membrane?
|
-Conazoles
|
|
|
What is Ketoconazole used to treat?
|
Coccidioides
Cryptococcus Candida Histoplasma Blastomyces Dermatophytes |
|
|
What does Butoconazole, Clotrimazole, Econazole, Miconazole, Oxiconazole, Sertaconazole, and Sulconazole treat and what is there adverse effect?
|
Superficial fungal infections of the stratum corneum, squamous mucosa, and cornea
Pruritus and burning |
|
|
If you have a sulfite allergy, what anti-fungal should you avoid?
|
Ketonconazole
|
|
|
What antifungal can penetrate the CNS, eyes, and urinary tract?
|
Flucytosine
|
|
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What is Itraconazole used to treat?
|
Aspergillosis
Blastomycosis Histoplasmosis |
|
|
What is Fluconazole used to treat?
|
Candida
Cryptococcal meningitis Coccidioides |
|
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What is Vericonazole used to treat?
|
Aspergillosis
Candida Fusarium Monosporium |
|
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What is Terconazole used to treat?
|
Vulvovaginal candida
|
|
|
What is Posaconazole used to treat?
|
Aspergillosis
Zygomyctes |
|
|
What adverse effects does Itraconazole cause (2)?
|
Hypokalemia
Pedal edema Hair loss |
|
|
What adverse effects does Fluconazole cause (7)?
|
Nausea
Vomiting Ab pain Diarrhea Rvs alopecia Stevens-Johnson Hepatic failur |
|
|
What adverse effects does Voriconazole cause (1)?
|
Colored lights and photophobia
|
|
|
Binds to ergosterol and forms pores that alter the fungal permeability and stability?
|
Amp B
|
|
|
What are the toxicities of Amp B (3)?
|
Renal toxicity (tubular acidosis, cylindruria, hypokalemia)
Cytokine storm (fevers, chills, hypotension) Anemia |
|
|
What is the limiting adverse effect of Amp B?
|
Renal toxicity
|
|
|
What is Nystatin used to treat?
|
Mucocutaneous candida
|
|
|
Noncompetitively inhibits synthesis of beta (1,3)-D-Glucans, which leads to disruption of cell wall integrity?
|
Echinocandins
(-fungin) |
|
|
What is Caspofungin used to treat?
|
Esophageal candida
Candidemia Salvage therapy of Aspergillus Empiric therapy of febrile neutropenia |
|
|
What is micafungin used to treat?
|
Esophageal candida
Prophylaxis for recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants |
|
|
What is Anidulafungin used to treat?
|
Esophageal candida
Candidemia |
|
|
What are the adverse effects of the -fungins (5)?
|
Increased liver enzymes
HA Fever Hemolysis Symptoms related to histamine release |
|
|
What antifungal should be dose adjusted in people who have liver dysfunction?
|
Caspofungin
|
|
|
What antifungals and CIDAL for Candida?
|
-fungins
|
|
|
These inhibit alpha-glucosidase?
|
Acarbose
Miglitol |
|
|
What are Acarbose and Miglitol used to treat?
|
Postprandial Type II DM
|
|
|
What are the toxicities of Acarbose and Miglitol?
|
Ab pain
Diarrhea Flatulence Elevated aminotranserferase levels Elevated plasma TGs Bloating NO CHANGE IN WT! |
|
|
What is the ultrashort acting insulin?
|
Lispro
|
|
|
What are the short acting insulin?
|
Regular (Zn)
Semilente |
|
|
What are the intermediate acting insulin?
|
NPH (Zn and protamine)
Lente (Zn and acetate) |
|
|
What are the long acting insulin?
|
Glargine
Ultralente (Zn and acetate) |
|
|
What are the toxicities of insulin?
|
Hypoglycemia
Wt gain in the obese |
|
|
What drugs inhibit the beta cell K+/ATP channel at the SUR1 unit and thereby stimulates insulin release?
|
Acetohexamide
Chlorpropamide Tolazamide Tolbutamide 2nd generation- start w Gli Meglitinides- end in glinide |
|
|
What is a toxicity of sulfonylureas and meglitinides?
|
Hypoglycemia
Wt gain |
|
|
Bind and stimulate the nuclear hormone receptor PPARgamma thereby increasing insulin sensitivity?
|
"Glitazone"
|
|
|
What are the "glitazones" used to treat?
|
DM II
PCOS |
|
|
What are the toxicites of the "glitazones"?
|
Hepatotoxcity
Wt gain Dec TGs and FFAs |
|
|
What drug activates AMP dependent protein kinase to block breakdown of FAs and to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis?
|
Metformin
(biguanides) |
|
|
What is metformin used to treat?
|
DM II
PCOS |
|
|
What are the toxicities of metformin?
|
Lactic acidosis
Diarrhea Flatulence Nausea Vomiting Dec wt Lower serum lipids |
|
|
What is the use of metformin contraindicated in?
|
Heart failure
Septicemia Alcohol abuse Hepatic dx Resp disease Renal impairment Metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist that enhances glucose dependent insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying, and decreases appetite?
|
Exenatide
|
|
|
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor that slows the proteolytic inactivation of GLP-1 and other incretin hormones?
|
Sitagliptin
|
|
|
Binds to SUR1 subunit of K+/ATP channels in pancreatic beta cells and stabilizes the ATP-bound state of the channel so that the beta cells remain hyperpolarized: decreases insulin secretion?
|
Diazoxide
|
|
|
What is diazoxide used to treat?
|
Hypoglycemia
Malignant HTN |
|
|
What is the toxicity of Diazoxide?
|
Heart failure
|
|
|
Somatostatin analog that inhibits GHRH release?
|
Octreotide
|
|
|
What is glucagon used to treat?
|
Hypoglycemia
Intestinal relaxant before radiography of GI tract |
|
|
What are the TZDs used in combo with?
|
Either metformin or sulfonylurea
|
|
|
What is metformin used in combo with?
|
TZDs or sulfonylureas
|
|
|
Antagonists at muscarinic receptors on airway SM and glands, leading to decreased bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion?
|
Ipratropium
Tiotropium |
|
|
What are the anticholinergics used to treat (ipratropium)?
|
Asthma
COPD |
|
|
What are the toxicities of the anticholinergics (ipratropium)?
|
Dry mouth
Constipation |
|
|
Agonists at beta adrenergic receptors on airway SM, act through a stimulatory G protein to cause SM relaxation and bronchodilation?
|
Epi
Isoproterenol Isoetharine "terol" Terbutaline |
|
|
What does Epi treat?
|
Asthma
(alpha1, beta1, beta2) |
|
|
What are the toxicities of Epi?
|
Arrhythmias
Hypertensive crisis Tachycardia Palpitations |
|
|
What is Isoproterenol used to treat?
|
Asthma
(beta1 and beta2) |
|
|
What is a toxicity of Isoproterenol?
|
Tachyarrhythmia
|
|
|
What are the side effects of "terol" and isoetharine and terbutaline?
|
Tremor (more beta2 selective)
|
|
|
Are lipophilic and resist degradation so they are used as long acting beta2 agonists?
|
Formoterol
Salmeterol |
|
|
Nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitors that prevent the degradation of cAMP and act as adenosine receptor antagonists: SM relaxation and bronchodilation?
|
Theophylline
Aminophylline |
|
|
What are theophylline and aminophylline used to treat?
|
Second line for asthma
|
|
|
What are the toxicities of theophylline and aminophylline?
|
Ventricular arrhythmia
Seizure Tacyarrhythmia Vomiting Insomnia Diarrhea Psychomotor agitation Gastric a secretion Diuresis HA Irritability Toxic encephalopathy Hyperthermia Brain damage Hyperglycemia Hypokalemia Hypotension |
|
|
What are the inhaled corticosteroids that are used to treat asthma?
|
Beclomethasone
Triamcinolone Fluticasone Budesonide Flunisolide Mometasone Ciclesonide |
|
|
What are the toxicities of corticosteroids?
|
Osteopenia
Dec growth in kids Candida Horseness |
|
|
Inhibit COX-2 action and prostaglandin biosynthesis by inducing lipocortins, activating endogenous anti-inflammatory pathways?
|
Corticosteroids
|
|
|
Inhibit chloride ion transport which affects Ca2+ gating to prevent granule release and possibly dec mast cell response to inflammatory stimuli?
|
Cromolyns
|
|
|
What is cromolyn used to treat?
|
Asthma
(exercise induced in kids) |
|
|
Inhibits 5-LOX and dec synthesis of leukotrienes?
|
Zileuton
|
|
|
Leukotriene receptor antagonist?
|
Montelukast
Zafirlukast |
|
|
What is Zileuton and Montelukast used to treat?
|
Asthma
Allergic rhinitis |
|
|
What are the toxicities of Zileuton and Montelukast?
|
Hepatotox (Zileuton)
Churg-Strauss Granulomatous vasculitis (sm a and v) |
|
|
Humanized mouse monoclonal antibody against the high affinity IgE receptor binding domain on human IgE that presents binding and dec amount of circulating IgE?
|
Omalizumab
(asthma) |
|
|
What is the toxicity of Omalizumab?
|
Anaphylactic rxn
|
|
|
What cancer does Getitinib treat?
|
Nonsmall cell lung cancer
|
|
|
Rvs inhibitor of EGFR cytoplasmic tyr kinase domain?
|
Getitinib
Erlotinib |
|
|
What cancers does Erlotinib treat?
|
Nonsmall cell lung cancer
Carcinoma of the pancreas Colon cancer Head and neck cancer |
|
|
What cancers does Cetuximab treat?
|
Colorectal cancer
Head and neck cancer |
|
|
Monoclonal antibody that binds to extracellular domain of EGFR?
|
Cetuximab
|
|
|
What cancer does Trastuzumab treat?
|
Breast cancer with HER2
|
|
|
What is a toxicity of Trastuzumab?
|
Cardiotox
|
|
|
What cancers does Imatinib treat?
|
CML
GIST kit+ Idiopathic hyperEOS syndrome Systemic mastocytosis |
|
|
What are the toxicities of Imatinib?
|
Edema
Nausea M cramps |
|
|
Active against the Phili chromo?
|
Imatinib
|
|
|
What cancers does Sorafenib treat?
|
Renal cell carcinoma
Melanoma |
|
|
Cancer drug that inhibits BRAF, VEGFR, and PDGFR?
|
Soafenib
|
|
|
What cancer does Rapamycin treat?
|
None-prop for renal transplant rejection
|
|
|
What are the toxicities of Rapamycin?
|
DVT
PE Pancytopenia |
|
|
What cancers does Bortezomib treat?
|
MM
Mantle cell lymphoma CLL Head, neck, prosate |
|
|
What are the toxicities of Bortezomib?
|
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia Neuropathy |
|
|
Cancer drug that is a proteasome inhibitors?
|
Bortezomib
|
|
|
What cancer drug is an angiogenesis inhibitor?
|
Bevacizumab
|
|
|
What cancers does Bevacizumab treat?
|
Met colorectal ca
Met BC Nonsmall cell lung cancer Refractory renal cell carcinoma |
|
|
What are the toxicities of Bevacizumab?
|
Arterial thromboembolism
Hypertensive crisis Impaired wound healing Nephrotic syndrome |
|
|
What cancers is thalidomide used to treat?
|
MM
Erythema nodosum leprosum Immunomodulatory drug |
|
|
What are the toxicities of thalidomide?
|
Teratogenesis
Thrombotic disorder Peripheral neuropathy Constipation Somnolence |
|
|
First line regimen for MM?
|
Thalidomide + Dexamethasone
|
|
|
What is lenalidomide used to treat?
|
MM
|
|
|
What are the toxicities of lenalidomide?
|
Myelosuppression
Thrombocytopenia same as thalidomide |
|
|
What cancer is rituximab used to treat?
|
B cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma
(anti-CD20) |
|
|
What is the toxicity of Rituximab?
|
Significant immunosuppression
|
|
|
Unique drug target of the beta-lactam antibiotics?
|
Transpeptidase enzymes
(cross-linking in peptidoglycan synthesis) |
|
|
Unique drug target of the antifungals?
|
Ergosterol
Azoles-block synthesis Polyenes- chelates |
|
|
Similar drug target that induces apoptosis in dihydrofolate reductase in cancer therapy?
|
Methotrexate
|
|
|
Similar drug target that inhibits a unique isoform of dihydrofolate reductase in antibacterial/antimalarial treatment?
|
Trimethoprim
Pyrimethamine |
|
|
Similar drug target that binds to 50S bacterial ribosomal subunit and blocks the peptide translocation step, preventing emergence of the protein from the ribosome?
|
Macrolides
(erythromycin) |
|
|
Common target drug that is an antimetabolite that inhibits DNA synthesis in dividing cells in cancer treatment?
|
5-FU
|
|
|
What antibiotics are "cidal"?
|
Aminoglycosides
Penicillins Cephalosporins (synergistic) |
|
|
What antibiotics inhibit DNA synthesis and integrity?
|
Sulfonamides (folate)
Trimethoprim (folate) Quinolones (gyrase) |
|
|
What antibiotics inhibit transcription and translation?
|
Rifampin (DNA dep RNA poly)
Aminoglycosides (30S) Spectinomycin (30S) Tetracyclines (30S) Macrolides (50S) Chloramphenicol (50S) Lincosamides (50S) Streptogramins (50S) Oxzolidinones (50S) |
|
|
What antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?
|
Fosfomycin (monomer)
Cycloserine (monomer) Vancolmycin (inhibits polymerization) Penicillins Cephalosporins Monobactams Carbapenems (crosslinking) |
|
|
Inhibit processes necessary for synthesis of the cell wall and outer membrane of TB?
|
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide Isoniazid |
|
|
Antifungal that inhibits DNA synthesis?
|
5-flurocytosine
|
|
|
Antimalarial drug that inhibits polymerization of heme within erythrocytes?
|
Chloroquine
|
|
|
Target a viral neuraminidase that is vital for the virion release from host cells?
|
Zanamivir
Oseltamivir (influenza) |
|
|
Act on membrane protein M2 (proton channel) to inhibit viral uncoating?
|
Amantadine
Rimantadine (influenza) |
|
|
Nucleoside analogues that become phosphorylated and thereby activated by kinases and then competitively inhibit the viral polymerase?
|
Zidovudine
Acyclovir |
|
|
Viral fusion inhibitor?
|
Enfuvirtide
(HIV) |
|
|
A model that states that the cell destruction caused by cancer chemotherapy is first-order?
|
The log cell kill model
|
|
|
What anticancer drugs damage DNA?
|
Alkylating agents
Antitumor antibodies Platinum complexes |
|
|
What antineoplastic drugs are inhibitors of DNA synthesis and integrity?
|
Antimetabolites
Folate pathway inhibitors Topoisomerase inhibitors |
|
|
What antineoplastic drugs are inhibitors of MT function?
|
Vinca alkaloids
Taxanes |
|
|
Glococorticoids inhibit cancer cells in what cell cycle stage?
|
G1
|
|
|
How is DNA transmitted between bacteria?
|
Conjugation (sex)
Transduction (bacteriophage) Transformation (naked DNA in the environment) |
|
|
What is an example of resistance gained by inactivating that drug in antibacterial and antineoplastic therapy?
|
Beta-lactamase
Deaminase (purine and pyrimidine analogs) |
|
|
What is an example of resistance gained by preventing uptake of an antibiotic drug and an antineoplastic drug?
|
Aminoglycosides prevented from entering Gram - porins
Reduced folate carriers dec methotrexate entry |
|
|
What is an example of resistance gained by altered drug target in antibacterial therapy and antineoplastic therapy?
|
Alter peptidoglycan to D-ALA D-lactate no longer binds vancomycin
Express mutant DHFR that no longer binds methotrexate |
|
|
Prophylactic antimalarial?
|
Mefloquine
|
|
|
Prophylactic treatment for a person with an HIV needle stick?
|
Zidovudine
Lamivudine Lopinavir |
|
|
What is the composition of folate?
|
Pteridine
PABA (sulfa drugs) Glutamate Folate analog (meth) |
|
|
What do sulfonamides and sulfones inhibit?
|
Dihydropteroate synthase
(bacteria make folate de novo) |
|
|
Why can't babies be given sulfonamides?
|
Kernicterus
(competes w bilirubin for albumin) |
|
|
What drug is a sulfone?
|
Dapsone
|
|
|
What does dapsone treat?
|
Leprosy
PCP |
|
|
What is a toxicity of dapsone?
|
Methemoglobinemia
Hemolytic anemia (esp w/ G6PD def) |
|
|
Selectively inhibits bacterial DHFR?
|
Trimethoprim
|
|
|
What does the combo of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole treat?
|
UTI
|
|
|
What is the combo of pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine used to treat?
|
Toxoplasmosis
|
|
|
What is methotrexate administered with to treat the toxic effects on normal cells?
|
Folinic acid rescue
|
|
|
What defects does methotrexate cause in fetuses?
|
NT defects
|
|
|
What cancers does methotrexate treat?
|
Breast
Lung Head and neck ALL Choriocarcinoma Psoriasis Autoimmune Diseases |
|
|
What are the adverse effects of methotrexate?
|
Damage to GI mucosa
BM |
