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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 mechanisms of transmission
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Injection, sexual contact, maternal-fetal
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Primary HIV infection
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initial exposure to the virus and the appearance of HIV antibodies.
Flu-like symptoms last a few days-several months no test can detect it yet |
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when does dramatic decline in the rate of viral replication occur
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during seroconversion
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AIDS means
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HIV positive and CD4 cell count that is below 200mm3 or an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection
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What are the two test used to test for HIV?
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ELISA and OraQuick Rapid
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ELISA
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determines presence of HIV antibodies, all positive ELISA tests get a western blot serologic test to confirm the diagnosis(takes several days)
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OraQuick Rapid
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HIV1 antibody test which gives results in 20 minutes.
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What is the MAIN goal of antiretroviral therapy?
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suppress viral replication to undetectable levels.
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Start therapy when CD4 cell count is @ ________?
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500
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What is the reason for not starting therapy sooner?
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the adverse effects
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Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT, ZDV)
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NucleoSide reverse transcriptase inhibitor
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what can be used for prevention of maternal-fetal HIV transmission: tx recommended to being at 14-34 weeks?
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Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT, ZDV)
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Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT, ZDV)
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inhibits viral enzyme reverse transcriptase, required by retroviruses to convert RNA to DNA
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Tenofavir (Viread)
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NucleoTide reverse transcriptase inhibitor
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What drug is used as a monotherapy for pregnant women?
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Tenofavir (Viread)
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Tenofavir (Viread)
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differs structurally form NRTIs which helps to circumvent acquired drug resistance
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Neviropine( Viramune)
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Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
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Which drugs is never just as monotherapy?
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Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
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Saquinavir (invirase Fortovase)
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Protease inhibitor
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which drug inhibits a process occurring late in viral replication: causing production of immature, noninfectious viral particles
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Saquinavir (invirase Fortovase)
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Management of HIV infection
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Saquinavir (invirase Fortovase)
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Enfuvirtide(Fuzeon)
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Fusion inhibitor
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this drug inhibits the fusion of HIV1 with CD4+ T-lymphocytes?
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Enfuvirtide(Fuzeon)
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What drug cost $20,000 per year?
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Enfuvirtide(Fuzeon)
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What drug is only used for pt with drug resistant HIV infection?
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Enfuvirtide(Fuzeon)
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HAART stands for
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Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
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What is HAART?
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use two or three drugs from more than one class of drugs
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What is important pt teaching with HAART?
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requires pts to take nearly 100% of prescribed doses!!!!
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Why is viral load monitored?
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the higher the number, the higher the burden; goal is to have an undetectable viral load
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Pneumocyctis carinni pneumonia
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protozoal/fungal infection
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Canduduasus
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mouth ulcers, vaginal yeast infection
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cylomegalovirus
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loss of vision, GI,N/V, weight loss
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Herpes simples
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oral, genital, rectal, esophagitis, encephalitis
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Toxoplasmosis
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parasite, infects brain and eyes
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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blank
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cryptoporidiosis
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fungal-fever, malaise, HA, cough
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Kaposi's Sarcoma
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red-blue blotches or nodules in mouth or viscera, rarely seen in women
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Histoplasmosis
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fungal, flu like symptoms
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Possible comorbidities
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mental illness, chemical addiction, hepatitis B and C
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Antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy
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ZDV 100 mg 5 times a day, tx begins at 14-34 weeks
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how does circumcision effect HIV
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circumcision can cut HIV rate
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Reducing Risk of HIV infection
Drug Abusers |
go into rehab, do not reuse needles, cleaning the inj site with an alcohol swab, safe disposal of syringes after one use
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Do two people who are HIV positive need to use a condom?
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yes, because they are at risk of infection
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