Pharm Final Spring Quarter

Front 1

how do LA work?

Back 1

AROMTIC END (LIPOphilic and hydrophobic) gets it into the nerve
amino (hydrophilic end does the work) it gets ionized and blocks sodium uptake

Front 2

More _______ nerves are affected first.

Back 2

myeline\ated are more susceptible.
pain>cold>warm>pressure> motorneurons

Front 3

esters have______duration compared to amino

Back 3

shorter bc of plasma cholinestarase inplasma breaks it down instead oh liver

Front 4

infected tissues have a _______pH so

Back 4

lower,
so LA is less effective in infected tissue

Front 5

_________ is the only vasoconstricting LA

Back 5

cocaine

Front 6

___________ ar emore likely to cause allerigic rxns

Back 6

esters

Front 7

cocaine is used for

Back 7

opthalmic, nasal surgery

it causes epithelial cell toxixity

Front 8

benzocaine is used

Back 8

topically, has lowsolubilty and absorbed slowly--->long duration

Front 9

benoxinate is used in combination with ...

Back 9

fluroescein--(shows damaged areas and check intraocular pressure)

Front 10

proparacaine

Back 10

nothing special and ester

Front 11

tetracaine is

Back 11

very potent used for spinal anesthesia

Front 12

procaine

Back 12

short half life never used topically, doesn't penetrate mucus membrane

Front 13

what are the esters

Back 13

the BBC's PPT
(british broadcasting comp precipitates)

B
B
C
P
P
T

Front 14

amino amides have

Back 14

two i's in their name

Front 15

Amino amide LA include

Back 15

Procainamide
Lidocaine
Articaine
Mepivacaine
Bupivacaine
Prilocaine
Ropivacaine

Front 16

most widely used LA

Back 16

Lidocaine

IV for arrythmias

Front 17

Articaine can

Back 17

get into bones and cause paraestesias

Front 18

mepivacaine causes

Back 18

less vasodilation used w/o epi

Front 19

bupivacaine takes

Back 19

longer to get in neuron but works longer
and is inhibitor of ionotropes- decreases heart contractibilty

Front 20

prilocaine

Back 20

used w/o epi and can cause methemoglobemenia, decreases ox carrying capacity

Front 21

ropivacaine is the


(What doesn't belong in this list : Meat, Eggs, Wife, Blowjob?)

Back 21

s enantiomer of bupivacaine

(Blowjob: You can beat your meat, eggs or wife, but you can't beat a blowjob.)

Front 22

SE of amino amides

Back 22

If CNS-disorientation
slurred speech
nystagmusallergic rxns at inf site

Front 23

tetrodotoxin

Back 23

TTX-potent marine toxin
blocks na+ channels

Front 24

Thyroid gland produces

Back 24

Thyroxine (t4) and calcitonin( inh osteoclasts-we have enough ca++)

Front 25

Thyroid peroxidase is responsible for

Back 25

coupling rxn and organificaton

Front 26

T3 gets into the the target cell (lipid sol) and binds

Back 26

intracellular receptors migrates to spec spot on DNA

Front 27

Myxedema

Back 27

most common cause of I- def (90%)

Front 28

Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Back 28

second most common I- def
AI disease
Abs tp TSh receptors or affects Thyroid peroxidase

Front 29

tyroid def
think Dr. Sharples

Back 29

dec BMR
dec body temp
dec heart rate
weight gain
dec mental capacity

Front 30

levothyroxine

Back 30

DOC- lasts longer

Front 31

Liothyronine

Back 31

T3



T4- T1/2= 6-7 dyas
T3- T1/2= 1 day

Front 32

liotrix

Back 32

(T3 +T4)

Front 33

anything that inc p450 decreases ________

Back 33

T3/T4

Front 34

Thyrotoxicosis

Back 34

most common is graves disease
SE-
inc SNS
irratibility
tremor
tachycardia
ansomnia
wt. loss
inc BMR
inc Body temp
exothalmos-bulging eyes(not cock jonas!)
Ca++ -osteoporosis

Front 35

Tx of Thyrotoxicosis

Back 35

Inh of Thyroid syn- -thionamides(prop and meth)
-perchlorate
-thiocyanate
Iodide- lugols- KI
Radioactive I131
Amiodarone
Dopamine
Beta blockers
Ca++ supplements

Front 36

thyroid peroxidase inh-

(25% who take get cured)

Back 36

Propylthiouracil- used if prego
Methimazole-DOC but teratogen, fewer SE

Front 37

SE of Thyroid Peroxidase inhibitors

Back 37

agranulocytosis
hepatitis
rash- S- ion present

Front 38

Perchlorate

Back 38

aplastic anemia

Front 39

Thiocyanate

Back 39

in cabbage or ciggerette smoke

Front 40

Iodide can cause

Back 40

hyperthyroid in pts wit I- def or inhibit in pts with normal I-

Front 41

I 131 eneters thyroid gland and emits

Back 41

beta particle, destroys local tissue

Front 42

amiodarone

Back 42

anti arrythmic drug

inhibits deiodonase (t4-->t3)

Front 43

dopamine

Back 43

dec TSH

Front 44

beta blockers-

Ca++ supplements-

Back 44

-relieves symptoms fo too much thyroid aaction

ca++ counteracts Ca++ loss

Front 45

If low Ca++

Back 45

PTH is inc

causes Inc ca++ abs, inc ca++ retention in kidney, and inc release of ca++ from bones

Front 46

tissue with most medulla activity

Back 46

spinal vertebrae
radius bone
femoral neck

Front 47

disorders of Ca++ met

Back 47

senile ostoporosis
post menopausal osteo
secondarily from diet, drugs (heparin and glucocorts), RENAL DISEASE, AND DEC VIT d
Paget disease--Inc in osteoclast act

Front 48

Agents to tx Osteoporosis

Back 48

Bisphosphonates
PTH analog
Estrogen Analog
Vit D analogs
Others-Fluoride, Calcitonin, and glucocorticoids

Front 49

Bisphosphonates-

Back 49

"dronates"
only TILUdronate and ETIdronate are bisphosphonates-cause dec in ATP prod and osteoclasts die


all the others are amino bisphosphonates- they inh an enzyme->osteoclast apoptosis

Front 50

Bisphosphonates- Se

Back 50

ONJ

Front 51

teriparitide

Back 51

pth analog
only ont that stimulates osteoblasts but long term exposure inc osteoclasts
???

Front 52

cinecalcet is a

Back 52

ca++ mimetic- dec pth secretion

Front 53

raloxifene is an

Back 53

estrogen analog- inh osteoclast activty an assoc with pulmonary emboli

Front 54

Vit D is made active by the

Back 54

UV light
liver
kidney---->makes calcitriolwhich leads to
inc Ca++ abs fro kidney and liver and inc in pth

Front 55

relative efficacy of Ostoporosis agents...

Back 55

Pth analog(teripari)>
Bis(alendronate)>
Estrogen ana(relox)>
Calcitonin

Front 56

cornerstone of Diabetes tx

Back 56

diet

Front 57

short acting insulins

Back 57

crystalline insulin
lispro
aspart
glulisine

Front 58

intermediate acting insulins

Back 58

isophane (NPH)

Front 59

long acting insulins

Back 59

detemir

glargine

Front 60

First gen sulphonylureas

Back 60

(amide)
tolbutamide-6-12 hrs
acetohexamide
tolazamide
chlorpropamide-60 hrs

Front 61

2nd gen sulphonylureas

Back 61

"gli or Gly"
glipizide
glyburide
glimepiride

Front 62

Sulphonylurea like cmpnds

Back 62

glinides
repaglinide
natglinide


-used right before meals\

Front 63

hypoglycemia is mor common with

Back 63

longer duration drugs

Front 64

The Incretin Enhancers include

Back 64

EX SIT LIRA

exenatide-analog of GLP-1, not met by DPP4,2x a day
sitagliptan- inhibits DPP4,
Liraglutide- analog 1X a day

Front 65

Insulin enhancers

Back 65

Metformin-inc gluc receptors, muscles use more
se-lactic acidosis

Thizolidinones-- Rosi and Pio glitazone bind PPAR, inc insulin rec

Front 66

metformin

Back 66

inc gluclose rec, dec gluclose prod by liver

Front 67

rosi and pio glitazone

Back 67

inc insulin recptors and binding PPAR
SE- wt gain, macular edema, CHF

Front 68

Gluclose Abs delayers include

(Fat bastards, almost as bad as that fat blocking anal leakage shit)

Back 68

Acarbose and
Migitol--alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
prAMLINtide0 Amylin analog-- decrease appetite by slowing down gastric emptying
se-severe hypoglycemia

Front 69

How do u treat GERD?

Back 69

antacids
H2 blockers
Proton pump inh

Front 70

What contributes to Peptic Ulcers?

Back 70

Gentic factors Inc susceptibilty
H. pylori
glucocorticoids
NSAIDS
Smoking
Strress

Front 71

h2 blockers

Back 71

idines

Front 72

Atropine and Prpantheline are

Back 72

cholinergic blockers to dec acid production

Front 73

H+ inhibtors

Back 73

"Prazoles"
all are weak bases to stay in parietal cells
prodrugs that inhibit enzyme H+/K+ pump atpase

Front 74

prazoles se

Back 74

hypochlorhydria- too little H+

leads to dec ca++ abs and dec bone density

Front 75

Antacids=

Back 75

NaHCO3- systemic alkinzation w Na+ compounds
CaCO3- constipation
Al(OH)3 constipation
Mg(OH)3- laxative

Front 76

mylanta=

Back 76

Al(oh)3 (const) and Mg(OH)3 (lax

Front 77

Sulcralfate

Back 77

becomes viscous in acid, , should not be given w/ acid depleters

Front 78

Bismuth Subsalicylate se

Back 78

darkening of feces, tongue and teeth

Front 79

Ab for H. pylori

Back 79

mtronidazole, amoxicillin, and tetra cyclin

Front 80

PGE2 analog=

Back 80

misoprostole, Pgs essential for mucous production, bicarbonate
used in NSAID induced ulceration but is an aborticant

Front 81

Agents that cure Gastroparesis-delayed gastric emptying

Back 81

Metoclopromide- DA and 5HT blocker
se-parkinsons like symptoms
Erythromycin- acts on motilin receptors in intestines se- ototoxicity

Front 82

Erythromycin

Back 82

acts on motilin receptors in intestines se- ototoxicity

Front 83

Metoclopromide-

Back 83

DA and 5HT blocker
se-parkinsons like symptoms

Front 84

never give laxatives to someone with

Back 84

undiagnosed belly pain

laxs are often abused (gretchen)

Front 85

Classes of laxatives (cathartics)

Back 85

stool softeners(DSS,mineral oil,
Bulk addind agents (bran,methyl celluylose,pyllium, and polycarophil)
Gastric Irritants(anthraquinones, castor oil, bisacodyl
osmotic agents-MgSO4, polyethylene glycol, lubiprostone

Front 86

Dont use mineral oil

Back 86

it causes impairment of fat sol vitamins and causes aspirationpneumonia in elderly

Front 87

bulk adding agent include...

Back 87

bran,
methylcellulose,
peyllium,
polycarbophil

Front 88

anthrquinones are natural products

Back 88

gastric irritants and include: aloe, senna , cascara

Front 89

bisacodyl acts by

Back 89

activating the gut nervous system (enteric system)

Front 90

lubiprostone is a

Back 90

PGE analog
se- nausea and ab distention

Front 91

Adverse effects of cathartics include...

Back 91

fluid imbalance
colitis(mucosal injury)malabsorbtion
if u stop them might get constipation

Front 92

Anti Diarrhea agents are

Back 92

narcotics(opiods- morphine or codiene,diphenoxylate,loperamide)
absorbing agents(bismuth subsalicylate)
Anticholinergics(atropine and scopolamine)
Misc(simethicone)

Front 93

opiods cause

Back 93

non rhythmic gut contractions

Front 94

diphenoxylate

Back 94

does not enter cns, but high doses it does tkae with atropine

Front 95

loperamide

Back 95

no cns, fewer opiate like effects

Front 96

what absorbs bacterial endotoxin

Back 96

bismuth subsalicylate

Front 97

simethicone is a

Back 97

somatostatin analog, dec in int hormones, slowing of gut

Front 98

IBS

Back 98

some take lax and some take anti diarreal to tx

Front 99

How to cure Inflammatory bowel disease?(crohns and ulcerative colitis)

Back 99

salicylates (sala)- inh COX
glucocorticoids(predisnone)
infliximab

others-methotrexsate, 6Mp (azathioprine), cyclosporine

Front 100

Ipecac

Back 100

makes u puke, abused by pt w eating disorder

Front 101

Anti Emetics include

Back 101

Anti histamines(didphehydromine,dimenhydramine, meclizine)
Anticholinergics(scopolamine patch, blocks musc receptor)
THC
D1 blockers(procloperazine se-extrpyramidal effects)*******
5HT receptor blockers(ondansetron se constipation)
Inh of Neuroknin receptors (aprepitant)

Front 102

Anti histamines(

Back 102

didphehydromine,dimenhydronate, meclizine)

Front 103

5HT receptor blockers

Back 103

ondanSETRON se constipation

SelectivE
TeRmination
Of
Nausea

Front 104

Inh of Neuroknin receptors (

Back 104

aprepitant)
antiemesis

Front 105

thiamine (B1) def

Back 105

beri-beri; Wernicke's encephalopathy- nystagnus

Front 106

riboflavin (B2) def

Back 106

dermatitis; angular stomatitis

Front 107

niacin (B3) def

Back 107

pellegra- dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia


toxicity-flushing and itching

Front 108

pantothenic acid (B6) def

Back 108

"burning feet" syndrome

Front 109

folic acid

Back 109

megaloblastic anemia; neural tube defects- spinal bifida

Front 110

cyanocobalamine (B12)

Back 110

pernicious anemia; neuronal damage

Front 111

ascorbic acid (vit C)

Back 111

scurvy

too much- kidney stones

Front 112

vitamin A

Back 112

blindness; damgae to rods in eye


tto much-inc in intracranial pressure, inc in Ca++ dep, cirrhosis, teratogen

Front 113

vitamin D

Back 113

rickets

too much-↑↑ Ca2+ mobilization → hypercalcemia

Front 114

vitamin E

Back 114

hemolytic anemia of newborns


too much- dec clotting

Front 115

Flax seed/ oil is good for

Back 115

regularity
it may dec in Hba1c
dec in cholesterol
dec symptoms of menopause

Front 116

ginko is used for

Back 116

cerebral insuffiency, dementia

*it can interact w coumadin(warfarin)

Front 117

ginseng

Back 117

inc in energy, no clear effect

Front 118

garlic

Back 118

could dec blood lipids,
comtains allicin

*may induse p450

Front 119

echinecea is good for

Back 119

upper resp infection


can have allergic rxns!

Front 120

St John's wart

Back 120

moderate depression or anxiety

(Hyperfaracin- inh reuptake of 5HT DA NE)



*Activate p450, may interact w other cns drugs

Front 121

Saw palmetto

Back 121

BPH
inh testosterone reductase

Front 122

Soy txs

Back 122

Hyperlipidemia, hot flashes, it is met. to an estrogen like compound

Front 123

ephedrine

Back 123

nasal decongestant
alpha and beta agonist, inc NE

Front 124

valerian

Back 124

sedative, may inh gaba transminase (inc GABA)

se-drowsy, withdrawal effects

Front 125

Kava Kava

Back 125

antianxiolytic


se-liver damage ( diazepam)

Front 126

why haven't they sent a woman to the moon yet?

Back 126

it doesnt need to be cleaned

Front 127

How does a guy know if he has a high sperm count?

Back 127

If the girl has to chew, before she swallows.

Front 128

What does an airport and an abortion have in common?

Back 128

the hanger

Front 129

What do you call it when someone farts in a gay bar?

Back 129

A love call.

Front 130

What do tight pants and a cheap motel have in common?

Back 130

No ball room

Front 131

What is the difference between a Harley and a Hoover?

Back 131

The position of the dirt bag.

Front 132

What's the difference between a Trisket and a lesbian?

Back 132

A Trisket is a snack cracker and a lesbian is a crack snacker