Pharm Final General

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Federal law dictates that in order for a vet to prescribe a drug, there must be a

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veterinarian-patient-client relationship

Front 2

What form is used for Class 2 controlled substances?

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2-2-2

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These drugs are not allowed refills - a new Rx has to be written each time:

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Class 2

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Substance used to diagnose, prevent or treat a disease:

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Drug

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Substance limited to use under supervision of a vet:

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Prescription Drug

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Use of a substance not called for by FDA. Common in vet medicine:

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Extra-Label use (Off Label)

Front 7

Amount given at ONE time to patient:

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Dose

Front 8

General amount ever OVER TIME -Measured by unit mass; mg:

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Dosage

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The plan for administering a drug:

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Regimen

Front 10

Higher dose at initial treatment to raise level of drug faster in blood stream to reach therapeutic level faster:

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Loading dose

Front 11

Always more, but often twice the amount of the maintenance dose:

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Loading Dose

Front 12

Rapid action drug, given slowly (too fast can cause death, ex: potassium):

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Intravenous (IV)

Front 13

Only milky oil-based drug given IV for anesthesia:

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Propofol

Front 14

When giving injections other than IV you have to do this to be sure you're not in a vein:

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Aspirate

Front 15

Drug suspended in liquid that separates; must shake.

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Suspension

Front 16

Drug suspended in liquid that does NOT separate. No need to shake.

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Solution

Front 17

Another word for metabolism:

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Biotransformation

Front 18

Two MAJOR routes of elimination:

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Kidneys & Liver

Front 19

Time that concentration decreases by 50%:

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Half-life elimination

Front 20

Time after administration that animal can be sent to slaughter or products can be ingested (eggs, milk):

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Withdrawal time

Front 21

Inhalant drugs are excreted through the:

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Lungs

Front 22

Bring about a specific action by binding with the appropriate receptor. Synthesizes (mimics) something that normally occurs in the body:

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Agonist drugs

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Inhibits (blocks) a specific action by binding with a particular receptor:

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Antagonist drugs

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Two names for the Generic name:

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Active Ingredient / Non-proprietary

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Approves drug label information:

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FDA

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% Solutions are represented:

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g/100ml

Front 27

Irritation, necrosis, allergic reaction (swelling, edema, hives – urticarial, salivation, anaphylaxis) are examples of what?

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Parenteral administration complications

Front 28

Requires 90* angle. Do NOT inject into vein; will cause nerve damage!

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Intramuscular IM

Front 29

Clinic name, address, phone
DVM name

Name of "patient" & owners last name

Date
Name of Medication (strength, # of tabs, expiration, & clear instructions for use) are required for:

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Rx Labels

Front 30

Have records on hand in a bound book (kept for 2 years), must have vets DEA #:

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Controlled Substances

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Energy conserving; rest and repose:

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Parasympathetic (cholinergic)

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Fight or flight, alpha, beta:

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Sympathetic (adrenergic)

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Drugs that mimic the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system:

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Cholinergic (Parasympathomimetric)

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Drugs which block the action of Ach at the muscarinic receptors; AKA cholinergic blockers:

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Anticholinergic (Parasympatholytic)

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Adrenaline:

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Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic)

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Block Adrenaline:

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Antiadrenergic (sympatholytic)

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Causes a calming effect, decreases anxiety:

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Tranquilizer

Front 38

Causes drowsiness:

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Sedative

Front 39

Three ways DVMs know what antibiotic or antimicrobial drug to use:

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-Is it gram negative or gram positive

-Is it aerobic (requires O2) or anaerobic (does not require O2)

-Sensitivity testing to check for resistance

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8 Ways to Avoid Resistance

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-Don’t use for mild infections; if you don’t have to use a drug then don’t

-Only use if at risk for severe infection

-Do not dismiss aseptic principles

-Use should be based on definitive diagnosis

-Don’t use broad-spectrum antibacterials if sensitive to a specific one

-Always administer in full therapeutic doses

-Use topically or locally when appropriate

-Know withdrawal times for slaughter animals (drug residues)

Front 41

Stage of anesthesia with Voluntary Movement

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Stage I

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Stage of anesthesia with Involuntary Movement and Excitement

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Stage II

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Stage of anesthesia known as the Surgical Stage

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Stage III

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Stage of anesthesia where the risk of death is high if corrective actions are not taken

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Stage IV