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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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methylmorphine form?
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Semi synthetic
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Heroin form?
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Semi Synthetic
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Hydromophine
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Synthetic
more potent then morphine less emetic effect |
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Naloxone
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main antagonist
reverse depressed respiration treat sepsis short duration of action high affinity for mu receptors |
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Naltrexone
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reverse carfentanil
give IV/SQ antagonist at mu/k and delta |
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Nalmephene
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longer duration of action
greater affinity for mu receptors |
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Diprenorphine
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reverses etorphine and carfentanil
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newer antagonists?
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alvimopan, methylnaltrexone
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antagonist/agonists?
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Butorphenol, Buprenorphine, Nalbuphine
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3 phenanthrene alkaloids
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morphine, codeine, thebaine
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Three thebaine derivatives?
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oxycodine
oxymorphine etorphine |
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Oxymorphone
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more potent then morphine
preanesthetic for dogs and cats w or w/o tranquilizers |
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Etorphine
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WAY more potent then morphine, used in tranquilizer darts to immobilize game
long acting recovery prolonged by intrahepatic recycling used in conjunction with ace normally |
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what reverses Etorphine?
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Diprenorphine
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Two Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids? Opioid activity?
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Papaverine
Nascapine No |
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Endogenous
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methionine-enkephalin
leucine-enkephalin endorphin dynorphoin |
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Phenylpiperdine derivatives:
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Meperidine (demoral)
Fentanyl Carfentanyl Sufentanil/Remifentanil/Alfentanil |
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Merperidine
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Demoral
Equine colic reduces intestinal spasms |
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Fentanyl
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pure agonist
anesthetic induction dogs and cats post op chronic pain management |
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Fentanyl-Droperidol
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neuroleptanalgesia
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Carfentanil
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most powerful
used IM to immobilize wild animals reversed by Dipremorphine (M50/50) |
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Sufentanil/Remifentanil/Alfentanil
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derivatives of fentanil
Remifentanil =nonhepatic metabolism by muscle and intestine |
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other agnonist/antagonists (besides butorphanol, buprenorphine, nalbuphine)
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pentazocine
bremazocine dezocine |
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Tramadol
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Mu receptor opiate
reuptake of serotonin and NE *not controlled |
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mu-1
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Mu-1 = supraspinal analgesia, morphine and beta endorphins;
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mu-2
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Mu-2 = physical dependency, respiratory depression, decrease in heart rate, euphoria, sedation;
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kappa (k)
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Kappa = ketocyclazocine, produces spinal analgesia, sedation and miosis;
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delta
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Delta = modulates mu-receptor activity, Leu-enkephalins, analgesia;
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sigma
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Sigma = effects are dysphoria, hypertonia, tachycardia, tachypnea.
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butorphenol is good for what (agonist/antagonist)
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Butorphenol is good for visceral pain.
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morphine is contraindicated in which patients?
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• Contraindicated in uremic patients. Stimulates ADH secretion which results in decreased urine production.
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• Metabolism of morphine ? in cats?
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Metabolized in the liver to form
M3G and M6G and is eliminated in the urine. M6G is more potent than morphine and has analgesic effects but amount formed is very little. • In cats, formation of sulfate conjugates of morphine occur. |
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when shoudl morphine not be used?
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• Morphine should not be used in cases of strychnine poisoning.
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where is the chemotrigger zone? what is a good opioid agonist to act here?
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• The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRZ) is in the post rema center of the brain. Apomorphine is good at stimulation this area.
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• Acepromazine and oxymorphone combination will give?
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analgesia and prevent vomiting.
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