Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What drugs (2) can be used in place of heparin during pregnancy?
|
low molecular weight heparins
-enoxaprin -fondaparinux |
|
|
How do Enoxaprin (Lovenox) and Fondaparinux (arixtra) work?
|
act on Factor Xa
|
|
|
What are anticoagulants used for?
|
PE, DVT
|
|
|
What are potential side effects of Heparin?
|
-get HIT
-hemorrhaging |
|
|
How does heparin work?
|
affects Antithrombin III
|
|
|
Which drug is better for a patient with poor liver function?
a. Lepirudin b. Argatroban |
-Lepirudin;
but, should not be used in patients with poor renal function |
|
|
Lepirudin, Argatroban and Dabigatran are anticoagulants that act on?
|
direct inhibition of thrombin
|
|
|
What drug potentiates the effect of warfarin?
|
cholestyramine
|
|
|
What drug is used to reverse anticoagulant effects of heparin?
|
protamine sulfate
|
|
|
What type of anticoagulant drug does vitamin K block?
|
warfarin
|
|
|
How does warfarin work?
|
inhibits clotting factor synthesis
|
|
|
what drugs are used for lysis of clots?
|
t-Pa and streptokinase
|
|
|
What stops the action of fibrinolytic agents?
|
aminocaproic acid
|
|
|
How does aspirin prevent clots?
|
inhibition of prostaglandin production
|
|
|
What is Clopidogrel the DOC for?
|
prevent thrombosis in patients getting coronary stents
|
|
|
Which anti platelet drug is given IV?
|
Abciximab
|
|
|
Which anti platelet drug is an inhibitor of GPIIb/IIIa?
|
Abciximab
|
|
|
Which fibrinolytic agent is clot specific?
|
t-Pa
|
|
|
Which drugs are anti platelet agents?
|
asprin, clopidogrel, abciximab
|
|
|
What is the DOC for HTN?
|
thiazides: hydrochlorothiazide
|
|
|
Which diuretic agent is PG dependent?
|
loop diuretics
|
|
|
What drug is the worst for ototoxicity?
|
ethacrynic acid in presence of aminoglycosides
|
|
|
Which diuretic causes in increase in Ca in the body?
|
thiazides
|
|
|
Which diuretic drug does not cause hyperuricemia?
|
amiloride and triamterene
(potassium sparing diuretics-indirect of aldosterone) |
|
|
What use is mannitol?
|
decrease IOP and intracranial pressure in pre surgery patients
|
|
|
Which drugs work under low GFR?
|
metolazone, loop diuretics, and mannitol
|
|
|
What class of diuretic drug may be useful in a patient with hypercalcemia?
|
loop diuretic
|
|
|
Acetazolamide is systemic or topical?
|
systemic
|
|
|
T/F
Thiazides and b-blockers are good drugs for patients with diabetes. |
-false
(cause glucose intolerance) |
|
|
What class of diuretic is spironolactone?
|
K sparing- aldosterone antagonist
|
|
|
Which Diuretic is not recommended with burn patients?
|
K sparing diuretics- amiloride, triamterene
|
|
|
What is the DOC for lithium induced diabetes insipid us?
|
amiloride
|
|
|
Which diuretic is good for a patient with a sulfonamide hypersensitivity?
|
ethacrynic acid
|
|
|
What class of drug is not good for bilateral renal artery stenosis?
|
ACE inhibitors
|
|
|
Why do ACE inhibitors cause dry cough and angioedema?
|
production of bradykinin
|
|
|
Minoxidil is what type of drug?
|
vasodilator- opens K channels
|
|
|
Which classes of drugs are vasodilators
|
K channel openers (minoxidil),
CCB's |
|
|
Why are vasodilators not good in mono therapy?
|
all cause reflex tachycardia
|
|
|
What is a potential side effect of verapamil?
|
constipation
|
|
|
What class of drugs are clonidine and methyldopa?
|
Alpha-2 agonists
|
|
|
What are side effects of methyldopa?
|
hemolytic anemia and (+) coombs test
|
|
|
What class of drug is prazosin?
|
Alpha-1 block
|
|
|
Drugs that inhibit the RAS are used in what systemic conditions?
|
CHF and HTN
|
|
|
CCB's are considered what type of drug?
|
vasodilators
|
|
|
Warfarin, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, PDE 5 inhibitors and statins have what in common?
|
drugs not used for pregnancy
|
|
|
What suffix determines ARB class drugs?
|
-tan
(Losartan, Olmsartan, Valsartan) |
|
|
What suffix indicates ACE inhibitor class drugs?
|
-pril
(Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril) |
|
|
What suffix indicates CCBs that cause the most vasodilation?
|
-dipines
Nifedipine |
|
|
Which type of anti-HTN drug inhibits renin release?
a. metoprolol b. captopril c. losartan d. nifedipine e. clonidine |
a. metoprolol
|
|
|
What is the 1st choice of drugs in treating HTN after thiazides?
|
ACE inhibitors
|
|
|
Minoxidil is a drug used for treatment of what systemic ailment?
|
HTN
|
|
|
How does Cholestyramine work?
|
bile acid binding resin, takes out bile acids into GI, so the body has to bring in more LDLs to make cholesterol.
used for hyperlipidemia |
|
|
What drug treats hyperlipidemia by impairing synthesis of lipoproteins?
|
niacin (nicotinic acid)
|
|
|
How do statins work?
|
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
|
|
|
Which type of drug used in hyperlipidemia causes hepatotoxicity in alcoholics?
|
statins
|
|
|
Both gemfibrozil and Fenfibrate are examples of what type of drug for hyperlipidemia?
|
fibric acid derivative
|
|
|
which drug is best for increasing HDL levels?
|
niacin
|
|
|
Which drug is best for decreasing triglycerides?
|
fibrin acid derivatives
gemfibrozil, fenofibrate |
|
|
How does Ezetimibe work?
|
treats hyperlipidemia by inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the intestin
|
|
|
Which hyperlipidemia drug has steahtoria and GI problems as a side effect?
|
cholestyramine
|
|
|
Which hyperlipidemia drug is the safest and why?
|
cholestyramine- bc its not absorbed by the GI
|
|
|
What is the DOC for hyperlipidemia?
|
statins
|
|
|
Which hyperlipedimia drug inhibits C reactive proteins?
|
statins
|
|
|
What is the DOC in an acute angina attack?
|
nitrates and nitrites
|
|
|
What is a common side effect of nitrates?
|
headaches
|
|
|
What four classes of drugs are best for treating angina pectoris?
|
Nitrates,
CCB's, B blockers, and PDE type 5 inhibitors |
|
|
What should Sildenafil not be used with?
|
nitrates and a-blocks
|
|
|
Which class of drug for treatment of angina is not recommended in variant angina?
|
B-blockers
|
|
|
Do b-blockers cause vasodilation and thus reflex tachycardia?
|
no, don't cause peripheral vasodilation
|
|
|
What is the main goal with treatment of angina?
|
decrease cardiac workload
|
|
|
What two classes of drugs are more useful in treatment of variant angina?
|
CCB's and nitrates
|
|
|
Can vasodilators be used to treat angina?
|
NO!
may promote angina- bc reflex tachycardia increases workload of the heart |
|
|
What is the suffix of PDE5 inhibitors?
|
-fil
Sindenafil Vardenafil Tadalafil |
|
|
Which are CCB's better for in treating angina, long term or acute?
|
long term
|
|
|
Why are nitrates not recommended in long term treatment of angina?
|
multiple exposure leads to tolerance of the drug and decreased effect.
|
|
|
Name two Class IA drugs?
|
Quinidine
Procainamide |
|
|
Name a Class IB drug?
|
Lidocaine
|
|
|
What drug is the DOC for ventricular arrhythmias?
|
Lidocaine
|
|
|
What drug is the worst for treating arrhythmias, bc it has pro-arrhythmatic effects?
|
Flecainide
|
|
|
What are Class II drugs?
|
b-blockers
|
|
|
What are Class III drug examples?
|
Amiodarone
Sotalol |
|
|
Which anti-arrhythmia drug does not cause torsades?
|
Amiodarone
|
|
|
What drug is used for treatment of torsades?
|
magnesium
|
|
|
What are Class IV drugs?
|
CCB's
|
|
|
Name the Class IV drugs used in arrhythmias?
|
verapamil
diltiazem |
|
|
Which type of arrhythmias are CCB's best for?
|
supraventricular/atrial arrhythmias
-bc Ca has most effect in the upper heart. can cause death in ventricular patients |
|
|
Which drugs are in Class II?
|
Propranolol
Esmolol |
|
|
Which drug is considered a last ditch effort for treatment of arrhythmias?
|
flecainide
|
|
|
Which drug is the DOC for PSVT and WPW?
|
adenosine
|
|
|
Which drug causes lupus?
|
procainamide
|
|
|
Which Class I drug can lead to paradoxical tachycardia?
|
Quinidine
|
|
|
What is a negative side effect of Amiodarone?
|
pulmonary fibrosis
|
|
|
Which arrhythmia drug increases the ERP the most?
|
Class III- K channel blockers
Amiodarone |
|
|
What four classes of drugs increase life expectancy for CHF patients?
|
ARB's
ACE inhibitors b-blockers Aldosterone antagonists |
|
|
What is the DOC for CHF?
|
ACE inhibitors
Captopril |
|
|
How do ACE inhibitors treat CHF?
|
decrease preload and after load of heart
|
|
|
Which class of drugs is NOT used in END stage CHF?
|
b-blockers
|
|
|
Which drugs are used in end stage CHF?
|
Dobutamine
Dopamine |
|
|
Which three classes of drugs are inotropic agents?
|
digitalis
PDE inhibitors (-none) Sympathomimetics (dobutamine, dopamine) |
|
|
What is the most common toxicity of digoxin?
|
GI side effecs
|
|
|
What should absolutely not be given when taking digoxin?
|
Ca2+
|
|
|
Diuretics are positive or negative inotropic drugs?
|
negative
|
|
|
What is Digoxin immune fab?
|
digitalis antibody
|
|
|
What category does Sodium nitroprusside and Isosorbide dinitrate fall under? to treat?
|
Vasodilators to treat CHF
|
|
|
When is Sodium Nitroprusside used?
|
HTN emergency in CHF patients
|
|
|
What makes Losartan different from Captopril in terms of side effects?
|
no dry cough or angioedema
|
|
|
How does Vardenafil differ from Sidenafil?
|
Max concentration sooner
|
|
|
How does Tadalafil differ from Sidenafil?
|
longer half life
|
|
|
What drug class does the suffix -none indicate? What is it used to treat systemically?
|
PDE inhibitors
treat CHF |
|
|
What class of drugs may lead to gall stones?
|
fibrin acid derivatives for hyperlipidemia. (includes gemfibrozil and fenofibrate)
|
|
|
For what type of patient are statins absolutely contraindicated in?
|
hepatic diseased patients, bc statins may cause liver damage
|
|
|
What hyperlipidemia drug may have its side effects blocked with aspirin?
|
niacin. side effect is flushing.
|
|
|
Which drug has the risk for hypoprothrombinemia?
|
cholestyramine
|
|
|
How does Clopidogrel work as an anti platelet agent?
|
inhibits ADP induced platelet aggregation
|
|
|
T/F
Warfarin effectiveness can be decreased by oral contraceptives? |
true
|
|
|
Which drug groups are no-no's for Diabetes patients?
|
thiazides (except indapamine) and b-blockers; these cause glucose intolerance
|
|
|
What drug can be used pre-surgery to reduce IOP and intracranial pressure?
|
mannitol
|
|
|
Which causes more reflex tachycardia, nifedipine or verapamil?
|
nifedipine; bc it is a vasodilator
|
|
|
T/F
alpha 2 agonists such as clonidine and methyldopa cause reflex tachycardia. |
false; these affect the vasomotor center; so no sympathetic reflex
|
