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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what's the mode of action of barbituate inj. anesthetics?
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Mimic GABA action: binds & activ GABA rec’s
•decrease GABAs rate of dissoc from its receptors •increase duration of time= Cl chan are open (hyperpol. Of CNS membrane) |
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lipophillic drug =ultra/short or long acting?
ex? and why are they this way? |
short acting! due to distribution (not metabolism!)
methohexital Thiamylal Thiopental |
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what is a shot acting inj. barbituate anesthetic?
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pentothal
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what is a long acting inj barbituate anesthetic?
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phenobarb
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what are adverse effects of ultra short acting barbituates?
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CARDIO:
-Hypotension, tacchycardia -cardiac arrythm. -poor-NO analgesia -excess overdose →cardiac arrest: death RESP: Dose-dep respir depression -transient apnea due to bolus IV |
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what is a dissociative anesthetic?
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used to describe an anesthetic state induced by drugs that interrupt ascending transmission from unconscious→conscious part of brain, rather than by generalized CNS depression.
(disconnctn b/w thalamus/limbic)***** |
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Tiletamine combines with zolazepam 1:1 to create?
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telazol
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how do dissoc. compounds differ from other agents?
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have cataleptic, analgesic, & anesthetic action, but no hypnotic properties
complete analgesia w. superficial sleep **Animal maintains eye-reflexes, good jaw tone, active laryng/ pharynx reflexes & analgesia appears to be good |
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Ketamine is used in which species?
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cat primates reptiles birds
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how does Ketamine work?
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by inhibiting excitatory NT's
may act as GABA Agonist |
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How does Ketamine affect breathing?
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may cause apneustic breathing, mild respiratory depression
**increase blood pressure |
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what are the non barbituates?
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propofol
etomidate (amidate) metomidate |
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what is special about non barbituate -etomidate?
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not used in vet med
expensive lots of adverse effects |
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what does metomidate look like?
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white powder soluble in water
**imidazole derivative |
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what species is metomidate used for?
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pigs only
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why is metomidate only used in pigs?
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too many adverse reactions in other animals
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what are the other injectable agents? (4)
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Chloral Hydrate, Eugenols, Saffan (althesin), Tricaine Methane-sulfonate
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what is chloral hydrate converted to in the liver? what are properties of chloral hydrate?
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Conv to trichloroethanol as active form by liver
sedative-hypnotic -used alone or in combo w/ other anesth **IV ONLY |
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what are eugenols related to?
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clove oil
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what is the lenght of duration for eugenols?
how does it act in dogs? as a result? |
short! not for use in horses
excitement in dogs! not used clinically anymore |
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saffan, a steroid, was used in which sp?
contains what? |
was used in cats
alphaxalone and alphadolone |
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whats the commercial name for MS222
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Tricaine Methane Sulfonate
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what is tricaine methane sulfonate used for?
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anesthetic to immobilize fish, amphibia, cold blooded animals
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• Zolazepam is sold in combination with tiletamine in a 1:1 ratio. Tiletamine is a dissociative agent similar to ?
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ketamine.
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• Chlorohydrate is converted into chloroethanol by the liver. Chloroethanol is the active compound.
Why can't you dose to effect? |
This conversion takes about 4-6 minutes so if you give chlorohydrate to effect, the animal will DIE! Also very irritating and caustic, do not give IM or SQ
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why is there no pain with inj of midozolam
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• Midazolam is commonly used in small animal medicine. It is water soluble so there is no pain upon injection
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how much barbituate to give to an acidotic animal for induction? more or less?
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• Acidotic animals require less barbiturate for induction. Keep this in mind even though you give barbiturates to effect.
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what is the most important factor when waking up an animal on barbituate?
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• Redistribution is the most important phenomenon involved with waking an animal up from barbiturates.
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saffan was used in what? what should you give in conjunction?
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cats
an antihistamine |
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How do you treat an animal that has overdosed on barbituate?
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give sodium bicarbonate
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what is a dissociative agent?
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• A dissociative agent anesthetic disconnects the thalamic and limbic systems.
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what property is lacking by dissociative agents?
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hypnotic properties
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