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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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42. Anemia causes
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reduced RBC production
RBC destruction hemorrhage |
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42. TX of Fe deficient anemia
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Iron Salts
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42. TX of pernicious anemia
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Vit B12
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42. Anemia common in these populations
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renal failure, alcoholics (B12 def), trauma, celiac, heavy periods, GI cancer, Crohn's, gastric bypass, overuse of NSAIDs/antacids
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42. Anemia classifications
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cell size (macro/micro/normo)
cell color (normo/hypo)-chromic |
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42. Anemia LABS
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Hgb & HCT
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42. Ferrous Sulfate
side effects |
stains teeth
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42. Ferrous Sulfate
routes |
PO,
IV/IM (only if PO is contraindicated--Iron Dextran) |
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42. Ferrous Sulfate
drug interactions |
Vit C-increases absorption
Tetracycline-decreases absorption |
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42. Ferrous Sulfate
education |
Rest periods
take on empty stomach- 1-2h pre/post meal, may take w/ food for GI upset |
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42. Anemia
S/S |
pallor, fatigue, exercise intolerance, low HGB/HCT
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42. aplastic anemia
def |
destruction of RBC
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42. Why do we need iron?
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necessary for HGB prodn
poorly absorbed (large amts needed) pregnancy/blood loss-increased need assist in RBC development assist in O2 transport |
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42. Ferrous Sulfate
administration |
diluted with straw for liquid, rinse/brush teeth
do not take with milk, eggs, antacids, caffiene (inhibit absorption) take with full glass of water |
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42. Ferrous Sulfate
cautions |
constipation (black/green BM)
TOXICITY-children antidote-Desferral |
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42. B-12 Deficient Anemia
s/s |
neuro (tingling/rashes)
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42. B-12 Def. Anemia (Pernicious)
causes |
celiac, absence of intrinsic factor (causes large RBC that don't mature)
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42. Erythropoietin
indications |
increase erythpoiesis (especially in renal compromise or chemotherapy induced anemia)
$$$$ NOT AVAILABLE P.O. |
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49. Anti-Infectives
basic info |
selective toxicity (harms pathogen, not host)
prophylactic (preventive) C & S to determine which bug suprainfection prone due to inhibition of normal flora use of more than one to attack via different mechanisms (reduces liklihood of resistance) |
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49. AB resistance forms via
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bacteria producing inactivation enzyme
cease drug uptake change of receptor synthesis of antagonist more AB, quicker resistance |
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49. AB misuse
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treat virus--NO!
fever of unknown origin dosing improperly treat w/o ID of bug Omission of SX drainage->abcess |
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50. PCN
characteristics |
Cell Wall inhibitor, narrow, G+, Antibacterial, Renal
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50. PCN
adverse effects |
hyperkalemia, sensitivity to anaphylaxis, C Diff, RENAL/HEPATO/NEURO toxicity
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50. PCN
interactions |
Oral contraception-use barrier, K-sparing diuretics, aminoglycosides/tetracycline = antagonists
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50. PCN types
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G- IM/IV
V- PO |
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50. Ticarcillin
indications |
Broad spectrum
G- infections: skin, blood, bone, joints, CNS, resp, GU tract |
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50. Ticarcillin
adverse effects |
Hypernatremia, platelet dysfn, hypokalemia, diarrhea, nausea
(contraindicated for Heart Disease) |
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50. Pipercillin (Zosyn)
special indications |
extended spectrum, P. aeruginosa especially
May cause hypernatremia! |
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50. Cephalosporin
indications |
FOR PCN allergic pts or PCN resistant bugs
As generations advance in number inc. activity against G-, inc resistance to beta lactamase, inc risk of reaching CSF(5th generation effective with MRSA). |
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50. Cephalosporin
adverse effects |
rash, diarrhea, nephrotoxicity, sensitivity reaction, suprainfections with used for long duration (contraindicated for pts with severe PCN reaction)
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50. Carbapenum
special indication |
effective against beta lactamase resistant bugs (big guns!)
Very Broad Spectrum antimicrobial |
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50. Cilastin
adverse effects |
N/V, Seizures in high doses
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50. Vancomycin
adverse effects |
SLOW IV! Red man syndrome-flushing, hypotension, tachycardia ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, thrombophlebitis
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50. Vancomycin
levels |
peak-30 min after cessation of IV therapy, trough-30 min prior to next dose
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51. Tetracycline
activity |
prophylactic, bacteria-static, affects protein synthesis, G+ and G-, broadest spectrum
PO and topical administration |
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51. Tetracycline
contraindications |
pregnancy (category D), RENAL/HEPATIC compromise, CHILDREN <8yo
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51. Tetracycline
adverse effects |
stain teeth, photosensitivity, pregnancy risk, GI, Bones, suprainfection (C Diff + electrolyte imbalance due to this)
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51. Tetracycline
interactions |
Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn, Al (decrease absorption)
dairy-reduce absorption warfarin-increased anticoagulance |
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51. Erythromycin
MACROLIDE activity |
bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal in high doses, G+, ideal for pts who have PCN allergy, PO/Topical/IV (for speed, NPO)
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51. Erythromycin
MACROLIDE activity |
bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal in high doses, G+, ideal for pts who have PCN allergy, PO/Topical/IV (for speed, NPO)
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51. Erythromycin
MACROLIDE-adverse effects |
NV, cramping, phlebitis/pain at IV site, OTOTOXICITY, HEPATOTOXICITY, vertigo, dizziness
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51. Zithromax
MACROLIDE activity |
G+ + G- (greater over G- than erythromycin with less NV, and can be taken w or wo food, safer on liver, short duration, less frequent dosing
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51. Zithromax
indications |
URI, mycoplasma, otitis media (ear infection), and conjunctivitis (pink eye)
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51. Gentamicin
AMINOGLYCOSIDE action |
aerobic G-, narrow spectrum, bacteriocidal
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51. Gentamicin
adverse effects |
NEPHROTOXICITY, OTOTOXICITY, NEUROTOXICITY, RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS, photosensitivity
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51. Gentamicin
administration |
Peak and trough levels-30 min after cessation of IV therapy, then 30 min prior to next dose
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51. Gentamicin
LABS |
inc. proteinuria, inc. BUN
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