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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name some forma of LMWH?
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-enoxaparin/Lovenox
-dalteparin/Fragmin |
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How does coumadin work?
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inhibits production of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X
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What lab values do you have to monitor in the use of coumadin/warfarin?
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-PT
-INR |
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What are some coumadin like drugs?
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-Arixtra
-Direct thrombin inhibitors |
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Tell me about fondaparinux/Aritxra
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-inhibits antithrombin, which in turn inhibits X
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How do direct throbin inhibitors work?
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bind in the active site of thrombin
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What are some direct throbin inhibitor drugs?
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-Argatroban
-Angiomax -Refludan |
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What is special about direct thrombin inhibitors?
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can be used in HIT
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What drug is the antidote for heparin overdose?
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protamine
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How does ASA work?
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Blocks Cox-1 mechanisms
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How does clopidigrel/Plavix work?
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inhibits ADP that is on the surface of platelets
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How do glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors work?
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inhibit the connection of fibrinogen and platelet receptors
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What is the drug for peripheral vascular disease?
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cilostazol/Pletal
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What are the two functions of ciloxtazol/Pletal?
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-weak vasodilator
-anti-platelet properties |
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What class of drugs help to lower triglycerides?
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-fibric acid
-niacin |
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What classes of drugs help to treat VLDL?
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-niacin
-statins |
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What classes of drugs help to treat LDL?
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-bile acid sequestrants
-niacin -statins -fibric acids -ezetemibe |
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What classes of drugs help to treat HDL?
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-niacin
-statins |
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Name two bile acid sequestrants?
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-cholestyramine (Questran)
-cholesevelam (Welchol) |
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How do bile acid sequestrants work?
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binds up cholesterol and excretes it in the stool
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WHat do you have to monitor when taking niacin?
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liver enzymes
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Name 2 fibric acid drugs?
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-gemfibrozil (Lopid)
-fenofibrate (Tricor) |
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How do statins or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors work?
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As a rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis
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What statin is the most effective at lowering LDL up to 60% at 80mg?
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atorvastatin (Lipitor)
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What statin that we learned about is least effective at lowering LDL?
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pravastatin (Pravachol)
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How does ezetemibe (Zetia) work?
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inhibits cholesterol absorbtion by inhibiting transport across the gut wall.
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What do you have to monitor while on ezetemibe (Zetia)?
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liver enzymes
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What monitoring do you have to do in every cholesterol patient?
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Lipid panel for a baseline and then recheck in 6 weeks
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What lab values do you have to check if a person is on combo therapy for cholesterol?
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-Ck
-CPK (muscle pain can happen) |
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What is the MOA for Beta-2 agonists?
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cause bronchodilation and only binds to B-2 receptors
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Tell me about albuterol.
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-90 mcg/puff
-1-2 puffs q4h |
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What is an alternative to albuterol?
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levabuterol
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What inhaler is good for exercise induced asthma and is a long-acting beta-2 agonist?
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salmeterol/Serevent
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How often do you have to use salmeterol/Serevent?
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1-2 puffs every 12 hours
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How does Methylxanthines work?
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weak bronchodilator and can also work as a respiratory stimulent
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How do you determine the dose for Methylxanthines?
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weight
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What is the tablet form of Methylxanthines?
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TheoDur
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What capsule can you use in kids that is a Methylxanthines?
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SloBid
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What is an inhaler drug that is used in COPD, but has low compliance?
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ipratropium
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What inhaled drugs is a good drug for COPD patients because it is only 1x day?
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tiotropium/Spiriva
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What is the role of Mast Cells in asthma?
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mostly in lungs and contain histamines and release hitamine when they are activated
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Name a mast cell stabilizer?
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cromolyn/Intal
-maintance therapy only |
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What type of drugs are:
-flunisolide -triamcinolone -fluticasone |
inhaled steriods
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Name a nebulized steroid.
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budesonide (Pulmicort Respules)
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Name a parenteral steroid?
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methylprednisolone (SoluMedrol)
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Name two oral steroids that are used in asthma?
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-prednisone
-dexamethasone |
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salmeterol/fluticasone (Advair) is a combo of what two types of drug?
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-long acting beta-agonist
-steroid |
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Name some D4 Receptor Antagonists
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-zafirlukast (Accolate)
-montelukast (Singulair) |
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Name a metabolic pathway inhibitor.
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zileuton
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What are the 4 main goals in the management of chronic asthma?
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-achieve and mantain control of symptoms
-prevetn exacerbations -maintain pulmonary function as close to normal as possible -maintain normal levels of activity, including exercise |
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What is the standard treatment for mild asthma?
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-sx< 2x week
-PRN short-acting B-2 |
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What is the standard treatment of mild persistant asthma?
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-sx> 2x week
-inhaled steroid plus a short-acting B-2 PRN |
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What is the standard treatment of moderate persistent asthma?
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-daily sx
-increase steroid +/- -long acting B-2 -short-acting B-2 PRN |
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What is the standard treatment for severe persistent asthma?
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-inhaled oral steroid
-long-acting B-2 -short-acting B-2 PRN -theophylline |
