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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What drug is an M1 receptor antagonist?
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Scopolamine
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What are 5 receptors found in the CTZ?
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M1: muscarinic
D2: dopamine H1: histamine 5HT-3: Seratonin NK1: Neurokinin |
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Who are the biggest culprit of N&V when it comes to drugs?
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Opioids
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Name different causes for N&V
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Post-op N/V (most common in hospital that don't deal with chemo), obstruction, Chemo, Gastroenteritis/ gastroperesis, pregnancy, vestibular neuritis (menneers dz), unidentified origin (stress, food, ETOH)
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Name the four anihistamines that can be used for N&V
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Diphenhydramine (benadryl)
Dimehydrate (dramamine) Meclizine (antivert) Promethazine (phenergan) |
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What are the 3 classes of dopamine receptor antagonist?
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Phenothiazines
Butyrophenone Benzamides |
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What is Phenothiazines MOA?
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antagonize D2 receptors in the postrema
have m1 and H1 blocking effects |
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Name the 2 Phenothiazines drug and their doses
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Prochlorperazine (Compazine): Injectable IM/IV, 1 dose initially, then PRN
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine): same, also: used as an antipsychotic & for severe hicupps |
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What is Butyrophenones use for?
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Preanesthetic and post-op
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What are the 2 butyrophenones drugs and their info/dosages?
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Droperidol (Inapsine): short 1/2 life. 1.25-5 mg IM (not rutinely used)
Haloperidol (Haldol): long life (18 hrs), mainly used as an antipsycotic |
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What is one Benzamides drug name/info/dosage?
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Metoclopramide (Reglan): central and peripheral D3 antagoninst at low dosages, 5-HT3 blockade at higher dosage, stimulates cholinergic receptors on gastrin smooth mucles.
N/V: 5 mg one time or BID for seratonin: up to 10 mg TID or 20 mg at one time |
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What are the SE of Phenothiazines?
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EPS or extraparamental symtoms like dystonias, TD
ACH used for acute dystonias |
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Name 4 serotonin antagonist
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Ondasteron (zofran)inj, desintegrated tab
Granisetron (Kytril)same Dolasetron (Anzemet)same palonosetron (aloxi)only for quimo induced, one time dose last 14 days |
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Info on Serotinin antagonists
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very polpular drugs, category B, well tolerated, very costly
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what are the 2 corticosteroids used for N&V
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Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Methylprednisilone |
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which category of drug for n&v is MC used in combination with 5-HT3 & mechanism of action is not known for n&v
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Corticosteroids
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What are the side effects of Cannabinoids?
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xerostomia (dryness around salivary glands), vertigo, hypotension
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what is phase I metabolism?
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oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis (elders do not have)
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what is phase II of metabolism?
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synthesis and oxidation
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Which is the most abundant CYP-450?
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CYP3A4
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Where is CyP-450 located?
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Primarily located in the membranes of the smooth endoplastic reticulum in the liver, small intestine and brain
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In this example: CYP 3A4- what does each letter mean?
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CY: cytochrome
P: P-450 3: family A: subfamily 4: specific enzyme |
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what HIV drug is a very potent inhibitor used now to keep other drugs longer in the system?
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Ritonavir
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what is tobacco?
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an IA2 inducer
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what is Rifampin?
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a 2C9 & 3A4 potent inducer, antimicrobial
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List the 1A2 Inhibitors
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Cimetidine
Quinolones |
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List the 2C9 inhibitors
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Amiodarone
Fluconazole Isoniazid |
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List the 2D6 inhibitors
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Cimetidine
Clomipramine Ritonavir Amiodarone Paroxetine |
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List the 3A4 inhibitors
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Grapejuice
Amiodarone Fluoxetine Ketocanazole Clarithromycin Erythromycin Protease Inhibitors |
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List the 2C19 inhibitors
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Fluoxetine
Ketocanazole Lansoprozole |
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List the 1A2 inducers
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Tobacco
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List the 2C9 inducers
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Rifampin
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List the 2EI inducers
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Ethanol
Isoniazid |
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List the 3A4 inducers
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Barbiturates
Carbamazipine Rifampin |
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list all Cyp-450 families of inhibitors we need to know
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1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4
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list all the cyp-450 inducer families we need to know
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1A2, 2C9, 2E1, 3A4
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