Pharm Final

Front 1

The sympathetic nervous system exerts its influence when the body is

Back 1

threatened

Front 2

The oral hypoglycemic agents are used in _____forms of the disease, along with diet control

Back 2

mild

Front 3

Which group of medications is used for all of the following purposes:anxiety relief, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant, and acute alcohol withdrawal?

Back 3

Benzodiazepines

Front 4

As a general rule, chemotherapy agents are cell poisons that work because cancer cells are utilizing them----than normal cells

Back 4

faster

Front 5

A common use of the adrenergics or sympathomimetics is in the treatment of

Back 5

bronchospasm

Front 6

many of the side effects of the oral contraceptives mimic the condition of

Back 6

pregnancy

Front 7

Sucralfate (carafate) forms----barrier at the ulcer site to protect it from acid by selectively adhering to the ulcerated site

Back 7

physical

Front 8

A common use of the adrenergic blockers or sympatholytics is in the treatment of----

Back 8

migraine headaches

Front 9

WHich of the following diuretics can contribute to gynomastia in males

Back 9

spironolactone (Aldactone)

Front 10

The oral corticosteroid prepartation prednisone (Deltasone) decreases inflammation and depresses the immune response. It is important to remember that----

Back 10

all of these answers are true
(it increases the GI irritating effects of aspirin, abrupt withdrawal of the medication might be fatal, it might mask infections

Front 11

THe increase bulk of bulk laxatives encourages----- and bowel movement

Back 11

peristalsis

Front 12

Antacids containing aluminum are especially prone to cause the side effects of------

Back 12

constipation and hypophosphatemia

Front 13

Chemical diabetes where the patient is asymptomatic may be transformed into overt disease by----

Back 13

periods of stress and/or excessive weight gain

Front 14

A Common and potentially hazardous side effect of the loop diuretic is

Back 14

kypokalemia

Front 15

Which of the below is not a type of secretory cell located in the gastric pits lining the wall of the stomach

Back 15

islet cells

Front 16

The non-genetic forms of diabetes mellitus----associated with the predisposition to generalized cardiovascular disease

Back 16

are not

Front 17

which of the following antidiarrheals has the side effects of darkening tongue and stool with a possibility of salicylism in high doses

Back 17

bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)

Front 18

Medications used to treat an excess of thyroid hormones production work by denying-----to the thyroid gland

Back 18

iodine

Front 19

The H2 receptor antagonists competitively inhibit the action of histimine at receptor sites of the -----cells, decreasing gastric acid secretion

Back 19

parietal

Front 20

THe sympathomimetic drug epinepherine sulfate (Efedron) is used for the treament of

Back 20

hypotensice states, nasal congestion, bronchospasm answer: all of these conditions

Front 21

the drug----acts by inhibiting sympathetic cardioaccelerator and vasoconstrictor centers. It is effective in long term decrease of blood pressure, but can cause rebound effects if discontinued rapidly

Back 21

clonidone (Catapres)

Front 22

One of the primary advantages of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, Toradol (ketoralac trimethamine), is that it can be given parenterally

Back 22

true

Front 23

If a friend or client informs you at 10 pm that they had swallowed 100 tablets of acetaminophen at 2 am the previous morning, but had suffered only a bit of abdominal discomfort as a result, it would be alright to wait until the next day to seek medical assistance

Back 23

false

Front 24

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a piperidine derivative with pharmacologic actions and abuse potential qualitatively similar to amphetamine

Back 24

tru

Front 25

the second most prescribed drug in the United States in 2004 was Lipitor

Back 25

true

Front 26

Chronic ingestion of acetominophen can lead to splenomegaly pancreatitis and hepatic and renal damage

Back 26

true

Front 27

Once a drug is approved by the FDA, it may be prescribed only for the specified function that it is approved for

Back 27

false

Front 28

The first classification of controlled drugs never have an accepted medical use and can never be obtained legally

Back 28

false

Front 29

serotonin

Back 29

inhibitory neurotransmitter

Front 30

melatonin

Back 30

endogenous sedative

Front 31

tryptophan

Back 31

precursor for inhibitory neurotransmitter

Front 32

phenylalanine

Back 32

precursor for stimulatory neurotransmitter

Front 33

norepinephrine

Back 33

fight hormone

Front 34

epinepherine

Back 34

flight hormone

Front 35

alpha-adrenergic receptor

Back 35

vasoconstriction ,pilomotor contraction, and bladder sphincter contraction

Front 36

beta-1 adrenergic receptor

Back 36

cardioacceleration and increased strength of myocardial contraction

Front 37

beta-2 adrenergic receptor

Back 37

vasodilation, instestinal relaxation, bladder relaxation and glycogenolysis

Front 38

How are phenylalanine and epinephrine related biochemically and pharmacologically?

Back 38

phenylalanine is a precursor of epiniepherine, and pharmacologically they both have a stimulant action

Front 39

What would be a common problem with the MAO inhibitors that has greatly decreased their usefulness

Back 39

interaction with certain foods causes a dangerous rise in blood pressure

Front 40

WHat is the effect on chemotherapy of haveing a variety of effective antiemetics

Back 40

beneficial, because patients used to discontinue chemotherapy because of the severity of the vomiting. Antiemetics encourage continuation of chemotherapy and prevent the patient from being weakened by vomiting

Front 41

Why is it important to pay close attention to suicidal or homicidal ideation in patients taking antidepressant medication?

Back 41

they are more likely to carry out those thoughts

Front 42

What is the advantage of using insulin produced by the genetic manipulation of bacteria

Back 42

recombinant insulin is closer to human insulin than bovine varieties and cause fewer allergies or side effects

Front 43

How are tryptophan and melatonin related biochemically and pharmacologically?

Back 43

tryptophan is a precursor of melatonin and both have a sedative effect

Front 44

Which of the following is not a goal of pharmacologic intervention in the treatment of peptic ulcers?

Back 44

lower ph of the gastric contents

Front 45

Establishment of therapeutic blood levels and reduction of side effects with fluoxetine (prozac) may take an average or

Back 45

four weeks

Front 46

WHich of the following would not be considered a class of chemotherapeutic agents

Back 46

antipyrulates

Front 47

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) can be severly damaging to the

Back 47

myocardium

Front 48

A common and potentially hazardous side effect of spironolactone (Aldactone) is----

Back 48

hyperkalemia

Front 49

Antacids containing magnesium are especially prine to cause side effects of

Back 49

diarrhea and hypermagnesemia

Front 50

There is no really compelling explanation for the predominant location of ulcers being in the upper portion of the duodenum and the antral portion of the stomach but it is noted that----of peptic ulcers occur in these regions

Back 50

98%

Front 51

A commonly used loop diuretuc is

Back 51

furosemide (lasix)

Front 52

Benzodiazepines and barbituates enhance the actions of GABA

Back 52

true

Front 53

Nicotinic receptors are found in the synapses between the pre- and postganglionic receptors of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and also in the membrances of skeletal muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junctions

Back 53

true

Front 54

both daunorubicin (Cerubidine) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) may have severe negative effects on the myocardium

Back 54

true

Front 55

Tranquilizers inhibit both the reward and punishment centers of the midbrain thereby greatly decreasing the affective reactivity of the indiviual and making it more difficult for them to learn

Back 55

truw

Front 56

Folic acid supplements are required while taking methotrexate (folex)

Back 56

false

Front 57

Anti-depressive medications tend to have few interactions with alcohol and other medications

Back 57

false

Front 58

In the group of drugs known as benzodiazepines, only valium(diazepam) has a significant side effect of cardiovascular collapse and respiratory depression

Back 58

true

Front 59

Administration of antiemetics may mask symptoms of ototoxicity intestinal obstruction or brain tumor

Back 59

true

Front 60

Anger and hunger are linked in the hypothalamus

Back 60

true

Front 61

It is thought that perhaps 5% of the American population harbor the genetic trait for diabetes mellitus

Back 61

true

Front 62

Drugs that have a short half life tend to produce less abuse potential than longer acting drugs

Back 62

false

Front 63

The drug fluoroucil (5-FU) has no tendancy to cause alopecia

Back 63

false

Front 64

One is most likely to see the side-effects of chemptherapeutic agents expressed in tissues that are---replaced in the body's constant rebuilding of itself

Back 64

most frequently

Front 65

which of the following drugs is not a tricyclic antidepressant

Back 65

isocarboxazid (Marplan)

Front 66

THe antidiarrheal diphenoxalate (Lomotil)works by---smooth-muscle tone in the GI tract, inhibiting motility and propulsion and diminishing secretions

Back 66

increasing

Front 67

Decreased function of the thyroid gland is treated pharmacologically by----of the hormone

Back 67

replacement

Front 68

The parasympathomimetic drug ambenonium chloride (Mytelase) is used as a symptomatic treatment of----

Back 68

myasthenia gravis

Front 69

The loop diuretics are the ---powerful and rapid acting of the diuretics

Back 69

most

Front 70

THe benzodiazepine---may be especially addictive, causing dependance on doses as low as 2 milligrams per day over a period as short as 3 days

Back 70

alprazolam (Xanax)

Front 71

The antacids work by---total acid load in the GI tract and ---gastic ph-- to reduce pepsin activity

Back 71

reducing...elevating

Front 72

The antiparkinsoniasm agents levodopa (Dopar) and levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) work by crossing the blood brain barrier, being decarboxylated to ---- and countering the depletion of neurotransmitter in extrapyramidal center which is though to produce parkinsonism

Back 72

dopamine

Front 73

Tricyclic antidepressants work by increasing the amount of norepinephrine, serotonin or both, in the CNS by blocking their---by the presynaptic neurons

Back 73

reuptake

Front 74

Which of the following diuretics does not cause hypokalemia

Back 74

trimterene (dryenium)

Front 75

Which of the following medications increases the risk of cerebrovascular accident in those patients that smoke tobacco

Back 75

oral contraceptives

Front 76

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors work by promoting the ----of neurotransmittors

Back 76

destruction

Front 77

Many of the chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of cancer are excreted partially through the patient's skin. It would therefore be appropriate to---

Back 77

wear protective gloves when performing massage therapy or other prolonged contact

Front 78

Which of the following barbituates is the longest acting and therefore suitable for anti-convulsant therapy

Back 78

phenobarbital (Luminal)

Front 79

WHy has the use of neuroleptics such as Thorazine(chlorpromazine) been less successful in treating psychosis on an outpatient basis than was originally anticipated

Back 79

Thorazine can cause parkinsons-like symptoms causing the patients to discontiue the medication

Front 80

What are two major problems with the use of the interleukins as a modaility for increasing the activity of the T-Killer Lymphocytes

Back 80

1. Side effects (patient feels very ill)
2. Decreases the production of other types of hypotension, renal failure, WBCs arrythmia, MI

Front 81

What would be two problems associtated with long term use of high dose anabolic steroids

Back 81

1. The body will be discouraged from prodicung its own steroid hormones resulting in hormonal imbalances
2. Can Cause psychological problems (steroid rage)

Front 82

A parasympathetic drug commonly used as a subsitute for the classic preparation atropine is

Back 82

glycopyrrolate (Robinul)

Front 83

Simethicone (Mylicon) works by a defoaming action to disperse or prevent the formation of mucus-surrounded gas pockets in the GI tract. The side effects are

Back 83

flatulence and eructation

Front 84

Most of the adverse reactions to insulin, not involving glucose levels, are a response to the ----with which the drug is associated in its various preparations.

Back 84

carrier proteins

Front 85

Saline laxatives work by -----drawing water into the small intestine

Back 85

osmotically

Front 86

There are various preparations of insulin the main difference being in ------to the circulating fluids to determine onset and duration of effect

Back 86

rate of release

Front 87

oral contraceptives inhibit---through a negative feedback mechanism directed at the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus.

Back 87

ovulation

Front 88

The drug fluoxetine (Prozac) is not used in which of the following conditions

Back 88

anxiety disorders

Front 89

Tagamet (cimetidine), Pepcid(famotidine), and Zantac (ranitidine) are three common-----

Back 89

H2 receptor antagonists

Front 90

A parasympathetic drug commonly used as a subsitute for the classic preparation atropine is

Back 90

gylcopyrrolate (Robinuli)

Front 91

A major side effect of the thiazide diuretics is

Back 91

hypokalemia

Front 92

Simethicone (Mylicon) works by a defoaming action to disperse or prevent the formation of mucus-surrounded gas pockets in the GI tract. The side effects are

Back 92

flatulence and eructation

Front 93

-----is necessary for the formation of thyroxine

Back 93

iodine

Front 94

Which of the following drugs do not work by stabilizing neuronal membranes and limiting seizure activity by either increasing efflux or decreasing influx of sodium ions across cell membranes in the motor cortex during generation of nerve impulses

Back 94

ethosuximide (Zarontin)

Front 95

---works by increasing the transport of glucose across the membranes of muscle and adipose cells to reduce serum glucose levels

Back 95

insulin

Front 96

The alkylating agent cisplatin (platinol) can be particularly damaging to the ---unless the patient is kept well hydrated

Back 96

kidney

Front 97

The major concerns with filgrastum(Neupogen)are---while the major concerns with erythopoietin(Epogen)are---

Back 97

thrombocytopenia and associated bleeding----thrombocytosis and elevated blood pressure

Front 98

Which of the following drugs and has side effects of pulmonary fibrosis, bladder fibrosis and gonadal suppression

Back 98

cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Front 99

WHich of the following drugs works by blocking reduction of folic acid to tetrahydrofolate and is strongly emetogenic

Back 99

methotrexate

Front 100

Which of the following benzodiazepines has the greatest potential for habituation?

Back 100

alprazolam (Xanax)

Front 101

Which group of drugs have their sedative effects increased by cimetidine (Tagamet) and should not be used for long term therapy because they become increasingly addictive with time

Back 101

benzodiazepines

Front 102

Antacids containing calcium are especially prone to cause the side effects of

Back 102

renal stones and calculi

Front 103

Procainamide and quinidine two common antiarrhythmic medications may---the effects of commonly used cholinergic medications

Back 103

reverse

Front 104

The major action of atropine sulfate, a cholinergic blocker or parasympatholytic is to ----the heart rate

Back 104

increase