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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which beta blocker (beside blocking beta 1) are B2 ANTAGONIST
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1. Propranolol
2. Carvedilol 3. Labetolol |
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which beta blocker (beside blocking beta 1) is a NO VASODILATOR
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NEBIVOLOL
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which beta blocker (beside blocking beta 1) are ALPHA 1 ANTAGONIST
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1. Carvedilol
2. Labetolol |
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which beta blocker (beside blocking beta 1) is a B2 AGONIST
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PINDOLOL
use for asthma and diabetes |
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which beta blocker is use during hypertensive emergencies
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1. Carvedilol
2. Labetolol 3. Esmolol |
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beta blockers are contraindicated in...why
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DIABETICS
prolongs hypoglycemia by interfering with glycogenolysis and mask effects of initial hypoglycemia |
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why are beta blockers used in pts. with heart failure (4)
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1. attenuation of adverse effect of chatecholamines
2. up regulation of beta receptors 3. decrease heart rate 4. reduce remodeling due to inhibition of catecholamine mediated mitogenesis |
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mechanism for DIGOXIN
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inhibition of Na/K ATPase
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mechanism of Calcium channel blockers
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1. block voltage dependent calcium channel
2. decrease calcium influx 3. inhibit calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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what are the drugs that cause LUPUS-like symptoms
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Hydralazin (vasodilator)
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what drugs causes hair growth
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MINOXIDINE (vasodilator)
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what are ALL the drugs used in hypertensive emergencies
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1. sodium nitroprusside
2. diozoxide 3. labetolol 4. carvedilol 5. fenoldopam 6. methyldopa |
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mechanism for sodium nitroprusside
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1. NO mediated vasodilation
2 need IV infusion, rapid action *CYANIDE POISONING: treat with sodium thiocynate |
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mechanism for diozoxide
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1. nondiuretic thiazide
2. direct acting vasodilator 3. potassium channel activator |
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mechanism for FENOLDOPAM
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1. dopamine DA1 agonist
2. dilate renal and mesenteric artery- advantage with renal disease |
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mechanism for METHYLDOPA
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1. prodrug
2. convert in alpha-methyl dopa in brain (cross BBB) 3. alpha 2 agonist, 4. pregnancy safe |
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difference in B12 and folic acid in causing megaloblastic anemia
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1. if ONLY folic acid is used to treat megaloblastic anemia it will lead to IRREVERSIBLE neurological damage
2. treat with both unless specified with deficiency |
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what are the anti coagulants drugs
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1. heparin: antithrombin III activator
2. low MW heparin: inhibit activated factor X 3. warfarin: inhibit vitamin K epoxide reductase |
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what are the anti platelet drugs
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ASPIRIN:
COX blocker DIPYRIDAMOLE: inhibit cPDE, increase cAMP, inhibit thromboxane A2 block platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptor: ABCIXIMAB EPTIFIBATIDE TIREFIBAN block ADP binding to platelet: TICLODIPIN CLOPIDOGREL PRASUGREL |
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what are the fibrinolytic agents
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1. Alteplase (TPA) : convert plasminogen to plasmin, bind selectively to fibrin and convert
2. Streptokinase: Non-specific: C beta hemolytic streptococci, convert plasminogen to plasmin 3. Anistreplase ( semi-selective, combination of HR plasminogen and streptokinase) 4. Urokinase : degrase fibrin and fibrinogen 5. Tenecteplase: Plasminogen to plasmin |
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ACUTE HEART FAILURE vs. CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
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acute:
1. beta agonist 2. digoxin 3. PDE inhibitor chronic: 1. beta blocker 2. ACE inhibitor 3. ARBs 4. vasodilators |
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DIGOXIN and angina?
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DO NOT GIVE DIGOXIN TO PATIENT WITH ANGINA
* long half life 2-3 days |
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alternate treatment supraventricular tachycardia
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ADENOSINE is equally effective as VERAPAMIL
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treatment for gynecomastia
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SPIROLACTONE
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treatment for Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia
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Lepirudin
Argatroban Bivalirudin |
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what are the THREE potassium sparing diuretics
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1. Spirolactone
2. Amiloride 3. Triameterene |
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what is the bacterial derivative drug
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streptokinase fibrinolytic
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what are the only two drugs used in pregnant women to treat HYPERLIPIDEMIA
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1. Cholestyramine
2. Colestipol NOT SYSTEMICALLY ABSORBED |
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DO NOT USE CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS IN ARRHYTHMIA
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DO NOT USE CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS IN ARRHYTHMIA
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what does HEPARIN ACTIVATE
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antithrombin III
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what are the CLOT BUSTERS
TAUS |
T-enectaplase
A-lteplase U-rokinase S-treptokinase |
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ACE inhibitors can not be used in...
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FETUS...CAUSE FETUS RENAL DAMAGE
CAPTOPRIL!!! |
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Prazosin
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1. alpha adrenoreceptor antagonist
2. antagonizes vasoconstrictor effects of catacholamines on both arterial and venous smooth muscle |
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antihypertensive agent classified under SELECTIVE ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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EPLERENONE
ADVERSE EFFECT: HYPERKALEMIA |
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what is it:
drug used in HTN emergencies, short acting and must be given via IV infusion |
NITROPRUSSIDE
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non steroidal potassium sparring diuretic that works on collecting tubule luminal membrane inhibiting sodium flux through ion channels
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AMILORIDE
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what is CINCHONISM...what drug causes this?
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1. blurred vision, tinnitus, headache, disorientation...etc
2. caused by QUINIDINE!! |
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what are the classes of antiarrhythmics
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Class I: Na channels
Class II: Beta Blockers Class III: K sparring diuretics Class IV: Calcium Channel |
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what is it...
decrease in myocardial conduction and excitability by inhibiting the influx of sodium through FAST channels of the myocardial cells |
QUINIDINE
-class 1A anti arrhythmia -Na+ channel blocker AE: CINCHONISM |
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mechanism for spirolactone
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transcription blockade
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treatement for cerebral edema
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MANNITOL
-osmotic diuretic -weak renal vasodilator |
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mechanism for NIACIN
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1. decrease lipase activity in adipose tissue
2. DECREASE VLDL and LDL |
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which platelet inhibitor is the monoclonal antibody
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Abciximab
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which of the anti-HTN drugs cause hemolytic anemia
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methyldopa
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propranolol effect in HDL
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DECREASE HDL PLASMA CONCENTRATION
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adverse effect of Acetazolamide
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HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
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mechanism of Digitalis
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Na+/K+ ATPase inhibition
DIGOXIN |
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adverse effect of Calcium channel blocker
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G.I. CONSTIPATION
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major adverse effect of NITRATES
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MAJOR HEADACHES
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what drug is used for subarachnoid hemorrhages
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NIMODIPINE
*Calcium Channel Blocker |
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what are the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
where does it act on? |
-zolamide
1. acetazolamide 2. dorzolamide 3. methazolamide PROXIMAL TUBULE |
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what are the thiazide diuretics?
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decrease calcium concentration in urine
1. Chlorthalidone 2. Indapamide 3. Metolazone 4. Quinethazone CONTRAINDICATED in HYPERCALCEMIA patient |
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what are the LOOP DIURETICS?
where do they act on? |
increase calcium content of urine
1. Bumentanide 2. Torsemide THICK ASCENDING LOOP OF HENLE |
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what are the calcium channel blockers
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1. Verapamil (all heart)
2. Diltiazem (50% heart, 50% peripheral blocker) 3. Nifedepine (all vascular) |
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what are the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
where does it act on? |
-zolamide
1. acetazolamide 2. dorzolamide 3. methazolamide PROXIMAL TUBULE |
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what are the thiazide diuretics?
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decrease calcium concentration in urine
1. Chlorthalidone 2. Indapamide 3. Metolazone 4. Quinethazone CONTRAINDICATED in HYPERCALCEMIA patient |
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what are the LOOP DIURETICS?
where do they act on? |
increase calcium content of urine
1. Bumentanide 2. Torsemide THICK ASCENDING LOOP OF HENLE |
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what are the calcium channel blockers
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1. Verapamil (all heart)
2. Diltiazem (50% heart, 50% peripheral blocker) 3. Nifedepine (all vascular) |
