Pharm Exam Unit 6

Front 1

onset 30 min to 1 hr

Back 1

short-acting

Front 2

onset 1 to 2 hrs

Back 2

intermediate-acting

Front 3

onset 4 to 8 hrs

Back 3

long-acting

Front 4

peak 2 to 4 hrs

Back 4

short-acting

Front 5

peak 6 to 12 hrs

Back 5

intermediate-acting

Front 6

peak 14 to 20 hrs

Back 6

long-acting

Front 7

duration 6 to 8 hrs

Back 7

short-acting

Front 8

duration 18 to 24 hrs

Back 8

intermediate-acting

Front 9

duration 24 to 36 hrs

Back 9

long-acting

Front 10

normal blood glucose

Back 10

60 to 100 mg/dl

Front 11

normal serum glucose

Back 11

70 to 110 mg/dl

Front 12

a chronic disease resulting from deficient glucose metabolism; is caused by insufficient insulin secretion from the beta cells, is a disorder of the pancreas

Back 12

diabetes mellitus

Front 13

hyperglycemia range

Back 13

>250 mg/dl

Front 14

hyopoglycemia range

Back 14

<60 mg/dl

Front 15

classic sx's (3 p's) of diabetes mellitus

Back 15

polyuria (increased urine output)
polydipsia (incresed thirst)
polyphagia (increased hunger)

Front 16

h/a
light-headedness
nervousness
apprehension
tremor
excess perspiration
cold, clammy skin
tachycardia
slurred speech
memory lapse
confusion
seizures

Back 16

hypoglycemia

Front 17

extreme thirst
polyuria
fruity breath odor
kussmaul breathing (deep, rapid, labored, distressing, dyspnea)
rapid, thready pulse
dry mucous membranes
poor skin turgor

Back 17

hyperglycemia

Front 18

cultural occurrences of diabetes mellitus in the 45 to 65 age group that have hight incidences than whites

Back 18

african americans
native americans
hispanics

Front 19

6 criterias for using oral hypoglycemic agents

Back 19

-onset of diabetes mellitus at age 40 years or older
-dx of diabetes for <5 years
-normal weight or overweight
-fasting blood glucose =<200 mg/dl
-<40 units of insulin required per day
-normal renal and hepatic function

Front 20

what are hyperglycemic agents used for

Back 20

to increase blood sugar

Front 21

a disorder indicated by a decresed t4 level and a normal or elevated TSH level

Back 21

thyroid disorder

Front 22

an increase in circulating t4 and t3 levels, which results from an overactive thyroid gland or excessive output of thyroid hormones from one or more thyroid nodules

Back 22

hyperthyroidism

Front 23

the most common type of hyperthyroidism caused by the hyperfunction of the thyroid gland; also call thyrotoxicosis

Back 23

grave's disease

Front 24

influenced by ACTH, which is released from the anterior pituitary gland; affect carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism as well as muscle and blood cell activity

Back 24

glucocorticoids

Front 25

the second type of corticosteroid that secretes aldosterone

Back 25

mineralocorticoids

Front 26

reaction caused when more insulin is administered than is needed for glucose metabolism

Back 26

hypoglycemic reaction or insulin shock

Front 27

never give this rx in the arm

Back 27

symlin

Front 28

called the master gland because it secretes hormones that stimulate the release of other hormones from the target glands (including the thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals and gonads)

Back 28

pituitary gland

Front 29

controls the synthesis and release of hormones from the thyroid, adrenals and ovaries

Back 29

anterior pituitary gland

Front 30

enhance insulin secretion, delay gastric emptying and decrease food intake

Back 30

incretin mimetics

Front 31

gland located anterior to the trachea and has 2 lobes that secretes T4 and T3

Back 31

thyroid gland

Front 32

lie on the dorsal surface of the thyroid gland and secretes parathormone which regulates calcium levels in the blood

Back 32

parathyroid gland

Front 33

located at the top of each kidney and releases the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine and is linked with the sympathetic nervous system

Back 33

adrenal glands

Front 34

located to the left of and behind the stomach; is both an exocrine (secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum) and endocrine which has cell clusters call islets of langerhans

Back 34

pancreas

Front 35

hormones produced by the neurohypophesis

Back 35

ADH (vasopressin)
oxytocin

Front 36

a group of antidiabetics chemically related to sulfonamides but lacking antibacterial activity, stimulate the beta cells to secrete more insulin

Back 36

sulfonylureas

Front 37

affect the hepatic and GI production of glucose

Back 37

nonsulfonylureas

Front 38

rx used for emergency hypoglycemic rx, acute tx of beta-blocker overdose and profound (insulin) shock

Back 38

glucagon

Front 39

rx used to tx chronic hypoglycemia caused by hyperinsulinism because of islet cell cancer or hyperplasia; hypotension usu does not occur; not indicated for hypoglycemia rxs

Back 39

diazoxide (Proglycem)

Front 40

rx improves glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes; not a substitute for insulin and should not be administered to pts with type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, severe renal dysfunction or severe GI disease

Back 40

exenatice (Byetta)

Front 41

rx for adults with type 1 and 2 diabetes; primary purpose is to improve postprandial glucose control in pts who are using insulin but are unable to achieve and maintain glucose control; never give in the arm

Back 41

pramlintide acetate (Symlin)

Front 42

hormones produced by the adenohypophesis

Back 42

thyroid-stimulating (TSH)
adrenocorticotropc (ACTH)
donadotropins (follicle-stimulating) FSH
luteinizing (LH)
growth (GH)
prolactin (PL)
melanocyte-stimulating (MSH)

Front 43

somatropin (Humatrope)

Back 43

anterior pituitary agent
growth hormone

Front 44

octreotide (Sandostatin)

Back 44

anterior pituitary agent
growth hormone

Front 45

levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid)

Back 45

thryoid replacement for hypothyroidism

Front 46

liothyronine (Cytomel)

Back 46

thyroid replacement for hypothyroidism

Front 47

methimazole (Tapazole)

Back 47

antithyroid rx for hyperthyroidism

Front 48

propylthiouracil (PTU)

Back 48

antithyroid rx for hyperthyroidism

Front 49

calcitrol (Rocaltrol)

Back 49

parathyroid hormone used to tx hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia

Front 50

calcitonin

Back 50

parathyroid hormone used to tx hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia

Front 51

glucocorticoids
mineralocorticoids

Back 51

adrenal hormones

Front 52

prednisone (Deltasone)

Back 52

adrenal hormones
intermedate-acting glucocorticoids

Front 53

hydrocortisone (Cortef)

Back 53

adrenal hormones
short-acting glucocorticoids

Front 54

fludrocortisone (Florinef)

Back 54

adrenal hormones
mineralocorticoids

Front 55

vasopressin (Pitressin)

Back 55

posterior pituitary agent
ADH

Front 56

desmopressin (DDAVP)

Back 56

ADH

Front 57

lispro (Humalog)

Back 57

rapid-acting insulin

Front 58

regular (Humulin R)

Back 58

rapid-acting insulin

Front 59

NPH insulin

Back 59

intermediate-acting insulin

Front 60

Humulin N

Back 60

intermediate-acting insulin

Front 61

glargine (Lantus)

Back 61

newer long-acting insulin

Front 62

humulin 70/30

Back 62

combination insulin
70% NPH
30% regular

Front 63

glipizide (Glucotrol)

Back 63

oral antidiabetic agent
1st generation sulfonylureas

Front 64

glimepiride (Amaryl)

Back 64

oral antidiabetic agent
2nd generation sulfonylureas

Front 65

metformin (Glucophage)

Back 65

oral antidiabetic agent
nonsulfonylureas
biguanides

Front 66

acarbose (Precose)

Back 66

oral antidiabetic agent
alpha-glucoside inhibitor

Front 67

insulin-enhancing agents

Back 67

thiazolidinediones

Front 68

rosiglitazone (Avandia)

Back 68

oral antidiabetic agent
thiazolidinedione

Front 69

repaglinide (Prandin)

Back 69

oral antidiabetic agent
meglitinides

Front 70

byetta

Back 70

incretin mimetics

Front 71

sumlin

Back 71

incretin mimetics

Front 72

glucagon

Back 72

hyperglycemic rx

Front 73

diazoxide (Proglycem)

Back 73

hyperglycemic rx

Front 74

somatropin (Humatrope)
ocetreotide (Sandostatin)

Back 74

anterior pituitary agents
growth hormones

Front 75

levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid)
liothyronine (Cytomel)
methimazole (Tapazole)
propylthiouracil (PTU)

Back 75

thyroid hormones

Front 76

calcitrol (Rocaltrol)
calcitonin

Back 76

parathyroid hormones

Front 77

glucocorticoids
mineralocorticoids

Back 77

adrenal hormones

Front 78

prednisone (Deltasone)
hydrocortisone (Cortef)
fludcortisone (Florinef)

Back 78

adrenal hormones

Front 79

vasopressin (Pitressin)
desmopressin (DDAVP)

Back 79

posterior pituitary agents
ADH

Front 80

sulfonylureas
nonsulfonylureas
biguanides
alpha-glucoside inhibitors
thiazolidinediones
meglitinides

Back 80

oral antidiabetic agents

Front 81

glipizide (Glucotrol)
glimepiride (Amaryl)
metformin (Glucophage)
acarbose (Precose)
rosiglitazone (Avandia)
repaglinide (Prandin)

Back 81

oral antidiabetic agents

Front 82

Byetta
Symlin
glucagon
diazocide (Proglycem

Back 82

incretin mimetics

Front 83

glucagon
diazoxide (Proglycem)

Back 83

hyperglycemic drugs

Front 84

a vitamin D analogue that promotes calcium absorption from the gi tract and secretion of calcium from bone to the bloodstream; given for the management of hypocalcemia

Back 84

calcitriol

Front 85

a hyperglycemic hormone secreted by the alpha cell of the islets of Langerhans in the pancrease used to to treat insulin-induced hypoglycemia

Back 85

glucagon