Pharm Exam Iii Cardiac Part I

Front 1

This systems supplies O2 and nutrients to the cells and removes metabolic wastes to the excretory organs

Back 1

The Cardiovascular System

Front 2

Comprised of the sympathetic and opposing parasympathetic system

Back 2

Autonomic Nervous System

Front 3

The sympathetic nerve ends secrete

Back 3

norepinephrine

Front 4

The parasympathetic nerve ends secrete

Back 4

Ach to activate cholinergic receptors

Front 5

contains it’s own conduction system w/o stimulation from the CNS

Back 5

myocardium

Front 6

this activity always precedes mechanical activity

Back 6

Electrical

Front 7

The dominant pacemaker of the heart located in the upper wall of the

Back 7

right atrium

Front 8

This forms the P wave on the EKG

Back 8

SA node

Front 9

The ability to generate pacemaking stimuli is Called

Back 9

automaticity

Front 10

Depolarization slows when it reaches the AV node to allow the blood in the atria to enter the ___________

Back 10

ventricles

Front 11

Class I Antidysrhythmics

Back 11

Sodium channel blockers

Front 12

Class II Antidysrhythmics

Back 12

Beta-receptor blockers

Front 13

Class III Antidysrhythmics

Back 13

Potassium channel blockers

Front 14

Class IV Antidysrhythmics

Back 14

Calcium channel blockers

Front 15

________________ is a Class 1b – suppresses automaticity of the conduction tissue by increasing the electrical stimulation threshold of the ventricle

Back 15

Lidocaine

Front 16

There are three different Class II (Beta-blocker) divisions… name them

Back 16

cardiac specific (propranolol), non-cardiac specific (metoprolol), and combination (labetalol)

Front 17

These block the movement of potassium during the 3rd phase of the action potential (cell membrane recovery), prolonging repolarization and the refractory period

Back 17

Class III – Potassium Channel Blockers (Amiodarone)

Front 18

These inhibit the movement of calcium through the slow calcium channels of the SA and AV nodes during the 2nd phase of the action potential

Back 18

Class IV: Calcium Channel Blockers (Cardizem)

Front 19

Name some Unclassified Anitarrhythmics

Back 19

atropine, dopamine, digoxen, magnesium, adenosine

Front 20

What does Atropine block the effects of?

Back 20

the effects of acetylcholine on the SA and AV nodes

Front 21

Which drug causes asystole briefly?

Back 21

adenosine

Front 22

Which class of drugs is most likely to exacerbate the symptoms of asthma?

Back 22

Beta receptor blockers

Front 23

Name symptoms indicative of digoxin toxicity

Back 23

blurred vision, confusion, irregular pulse

Front 24

______________ acts on angiotensinogen to cleave off the peptide angiotensin I

Back 24

renin

Front 25

_________________ is a potent vasoconstrictor and the principal pressor of the renin-angiotensin system

Back 25

Angiotensin II

Front 26

Normally renal ___________ excretion is increased in response to elevations in arterial pressure and to a sodium or volume load

Back 26

sodium

Front 27

Hypertensive individuals may exhibit a diminished ability to excrete a __________ load

Back 27

sodium

Front 28

True or false - Essential hypertensive pts often have elevated Na+ levels in blood cells and other tissues

Back 28

True

Front 29

Exacerbating Factors of HT

Back 29

obesity, diet, EtOH, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, hypokalemia

Front 30

________________ is used to control ventricular response and rate in A-fib and A-flutter. Also used for HTN, and as antianginals

Back 30

beta-blockers

Front 31

Consequences of Uncontrolled HTN

Back 31

CAD, left ventricular hypertrophy, Heart failure, strokes and TIA, kidney failure, peripheral artery disease, retinopathy

Front 32

Pharmacologic Management of Hypertension includes

Back 32

diuretics, sympatholytics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Ca channel blockers, and direct rennin inhibitors

Front 33

Diuretics produce increased urine flow by inhibiting ____________&_____________ reabsorption from the kidney tubules.

Back 33

sodium and water

Front 34

Name the classes of diuretics

Back 34

Thiazide, Loop, Osmotic, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Potassium-sparing

Front 35

This is an example of a Loop Diuretic which produces more dieresis… Often used in CHF and less often in HTN

Back 35

Lasix

Front 36

__________ Reduce HR, contractility, and rennin release

Back 36

Beta-Blockers… Nonselective agents can cause bronchial constriction.

Front 37

These cause Venous and arterial dilation as well as relaxation of the muscles in the bladder neck and prostate… generic ending of “zosin”

Back 37

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers

Front 38

Dec sympathetic outflow of norepi resulting in vascular dilation and reduced HR

Back 38

Alpha 2 agonists… ie Clonidine (Catapres)

Front 39

This class inhibit the formation of angiotension II and block the release of aldosterone… end in “pril”

Back 39

ACEIs

Front 40

Act on the renin angiotensin system and block angiotensin II from the AT1 receptors while ACEs inhibit the formation of angiotensin II… end in “sartan”

Back 40

ARBs

Front 41

Calcium Channel Blockers end in

Back 41

“dipine”

Front 42

_________ is used for hypertensive emergencies

Back 42

Nitroprusside

Front 43

An example of a Direct Renin Inhibitor is___________

Back 43

Aliskiren (Tekturna)

Front 44

_________________ generally have a high-renin HTN and respond well to all anti-hypertensive agents

Back 44

Caucasians

Front 45

____________ __________ generally have a low-renin HTN and respond better to CCB, alpha blockers and diuretics

Back 45

African Americans

Front 46

The ________________ population is twice as sensitive to beta-blockers as the Caucasian population

Back 46

asian

Front 47

__________________ Americans have a reduced response to beta blockers

Back 47

native

Front 48

Acute CP from insufficient O2 to a portion of the myocardium

Back 48

angina pectoris

Front 49

Typically ________ _______ is reported as steady and intense with a crushing or constricting sensation that radiates to the L shoulder and arm. Sometime moving in the jaw or back

Back 49

angina pectoris

Front 50

Used to terminate an acute episode or decrease frequency of attacks

Back 50

anti-anginals

Front 51

Goal is to reduce myocadial O2 demand by

Back 51

slowing HR, dilating veins, reducing contractility, and lowering BP

Front 52

Anti-Anginal drug classes

Back 52

Beta Blockers, CCB, and organic nitrates

Front 53

These Relax smooth muscle to produce valsodilation on veins and arterioles

Back 53

nitrates

Front 54

A __________ can become dislodged and become an embolus

Back 54

thrombus

Front 55

Drugs for Circulatory Disorders

Back 55

Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, Thrombolytics, Antilipemics, Peripheral Vasodilators

Front 56

What is the time interval between tests on submarine cable?

A. Annually
B. Semiannually
C. Quarterly
D. Monthly

Back 56

A. ANNUALLY

Front 57

These Prevent thrombosis in the arteries by suppressing platelet aggregation

Back 57

antiplatlets

Front 58

Substances that dissolve or break down a thrombus or blood clot

Back 58

thrombolytics

Front 59

Increase blood flow to the extremities & are used in PVD of venous and arterial vessels

Back 59

peripheral vasodilators, ie tolazoline (Priscoline), isoxsuprine (vasodilan), nictinyl alcohol, papaverine (Cerespan)

Front 60

What is the antagonist of Heparin?

Back 60

Protamine sulfate

Front 61

What class prevents clots?

Back 61

anticoagulants

Front 62

What class prevents platelet aggregation?

Back 62

antiplatelets

Front 63

What class dissolves clots?

Back 63

finbrinolytics

Front 64

This disease is where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body

Back 64

CHF

Front 65

Drugs used for CHF

Back 65

ACEs, B-Blockers, Diurectics, BiDil, Vasodilators, Cardiac glycosides, Phosphodiesterase inhibitors