Pharm Exam 4: Quinolones And Uti

Front 1

What class of drugs interfere with replication and transcription?

Back 1

Quinolones

Front 2

Fluorinated quinolones are more or less potent?

Back 2

Are more potent

Front 3

What is the ending for quinolones?

Back 3

"-oxacin"

Front 4

Name one second generation quinolone:

Back 4

Ciprofloxacin

Front 5

Name one third generation quinolone:

Back 5

Levofloxacin

Front 6

Ciprofloxacin is a second or third generation quinolone?

Back 6

Second generation quinolone

Front 7

Levofloxacin is a second or third generation quinolone?

Back 7

Third generation quinolone

Front 8

Quinolones are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

Back 8

Bacteriocidal

Front 9

Quinolones inhibit what enzymes in the cell?

Back 9

Topoisomerases

Front 10

What enzymes change the topography of DNA?

Back 10

Topoisomerases

Front 11

What phenomenon during DNA replication, repair, and transcription is relieved by topoisomerase?

Back 11

Supercoiling

Front 12

Why are quinolones tolerated by humans?

Back 12

1. Quinolones have greater affinity for bacterial topoisomerases
2. Bacteria are actively growing (more)

Front 13

Quinolones have greater/lesser affinity for bacterial topoisomerases?

Back 13

Greater affinity - basis for selective toxicity

Front 14

The concept that quinolones are more targeted towards bacterial topoisomerases rather than human ones is what?

Back 14

Selective toxicity

Front 15

Topoisomerase IV is the target of quinolones in gram +/- bacteria?

Back 15

Gram + bacteria

Front 16

Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) is the target of quinolones in gram +/- bacteria?

Back 16

Gram - bacteria

Front 17

Topoisomerase IV or II is involved in decatenation?

Back 17

Topoisomerase IV

Front 18

Quinolones against gram +/- bacteria block decatenation?

Back 18

Gram + bacteria

Front 19

Topoisomerase IV or II is involved in relaxing DNA supercoiling (introducing negative supercoils)?

Back 19

Topoisomerase II

Front 20

Quinolones against gram +/- bacteria inhibits gyrase-mediated DNA supercoiling?

Back 20

Gram - bacteria

Front 21

Name two quinolones used to treat UTIs

Back 21

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin

Front 22

Name two quinolones used to treat GI tract infections caused by gram - rods?

Back 22

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin

Front 23

Neisseria gonorrhea treatment with ciprofloxacin is now replaced by what antibiotic?

Back 23

Ceftriaxone

Front 24

What quinolone is used to treat Bacillus anthracis?

Back 24

Ciprofloxacin

Front 25

What quinolone is used to treat community-acquired pneumonia?

Back 25

Levofloxacin

Front 26

What quinolone is used to treat streptococcus pneumoniae with high-level penicillin resistance?

Back 26

Levofloxacin

Front 27

Metals do what to quinolones?

Back 27

Chelate quinolones - Don't take with antacids

Front 28

What blocks adsorption of quinolones?

Back 28

Metals - CI with metal containing antacids (Al and Mg)

Front 29

Quinolones are/are not contraindicated in children, pregnant/nursing women?

Back 29

Are contraindicated

Front 30

Why are quinolones contraindicated in children and pregnant/nursing women?

Back 30

Damages growing cartilage

Front 31

Is it okay to give children with cystic fibrosis quinolones?

Back 31

Yes, benefit may outweigh risk of cartilage damage

Front 32

What is a main CNS side effect of quinolones?

Back 32

Headache

Front 33

What CV side effect can occur with quinolones?

Back 33

QTc-interval prolongation

Front 34

What can happen to muscle tendons with quinolone?

Back 34

Tendinitis - tendon rupture possible

Front 35

Can ciprofloxacin penetrate the CNS?

Back 35

Yes it can penetrate the CNS

Front 36

Norfloxacin does not have good penetration of tissues and body fluids like other quinolones, therefore it is limited to treatment of what condition?

Back 36

UTIs

Front 37

Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, TMP/SMX are three drugs used to treat what condition?

Back 37

UTI

Front 38

Drugs used to treat UTI interfere with DNA replication and transcription. They also have what effect on enzymes?

Back 38

Inhibit metabolism

Front 39

What drug inhibits dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS)?

Back 39

Sulfonamides

Front 40

Is dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) present in mammals?

Back 40

No it is not

Front 41

What drug inhibits dihydrofolate reductase?

Back 41

Trimethoprim (TMP)

Front 42

Is DHFR present in mammals? If yes, is it the same or different?

Back 42

Yes, but different

Front 43

What drug is similar to PABA?

Back 43

Sulfonamides

Front 44

What drug is dubbed "first antimicrobial drug?"

Back 44

Sulfonamides

Front 45

Name a sulfonamide:

Back 45

Sulfamethoxazole

Front 46

Sulfonamides bind reversibly/irreversibly inhibits DHPS?

Back 46

Reversibly

Front 47

Because sulfonamides bind DHPS reversibly, is it bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

Back 47

Bacteriostatic

Front 48

What is an important adverse reaction with sulfamethoxazole?

Back 48

Hypersensitivity/allergic reaction (Sulfa allergy)

Front 49

TMP and SMX together are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

Back 49

Bacteriocidal

Front 50

Are adverse effects more or less pronounced the TMP-SMX?

Back 50

More pronouced

Front 51

What drug is used to treat recurrent UTI and acute recurrent chronic bronchitis?

Back 51

TMP-SMX

Front 52

Drug resistance to TMP or SMX is rapidly increasing?

Back 52

TMP

Front 53

Name two antifolates:

Back 53

TMP
SMX