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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T or F: High lipid content (high cholesterol and atherosclerosis) is a major underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases.
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True (a major underlying cause of HTN, angina, arrhythmia, and heart failure)
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Which form of lipid is the primary energy source?
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Free Fatty Acids (FFAs)
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What enzyme is involved in the rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis?
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HMG-CoA reductase (targeted by statins)
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Which enzyme converts triglycerides to free fatty acids (VLDL and chylomicrons)?
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Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
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What are the high risk factors for developing atherosclerosis?
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Age (older)
Sex (male) HTN Smoking Diabetes Family Hx High LDL Low HDL |
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What factors aid in increasing HDL levels?
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Exercise
Moderate alcohol intake Weight loss Stop smoking Pharmacotherapy |
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What is the mechanism of Cholestyramine?
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**decreases bile acids reabsorption**
(increases cholesterol biosynthesis, increases plasma VLDL levels (TGs), decreases LDL, increases HDL) |
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What is the mechanisms of statins?
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Competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase
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Which lipid lowering agents are contraindicated in pregnancy?
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Statins
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What is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe?
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Blocks reabsorption of cholesterol (and enhances lipid-lowering actions of statins, actual clinical benefit no enhanced)
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What is the mechanism of action on Niacin?
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inhibits adipose tissue lipolysis (decreases amount of FFAs)
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Which agent is the best for raising HDL levels (good cholesterol)?
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Niacin
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Which agent is the best for lowering LDL levels (bad cholesterol)?
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Statins
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What is the mechanism of action of fibrates?
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activation of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor alpha (PPARa)
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Which agents are best for lowering TG (VLDL) levels?
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Fibrates (Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate), (2nd best, after Niacin, in raising HDL)
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What is the mechanism of action of Omega-3 Fatty acids?
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reduces TG by inhibition of VLDL-TG synthesis
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Which food products contain high levels of Omega-3 fatty acids?
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Oily fish (salmon), flaxseed, canola oil, soybean oil, nuts
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