Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
thiopental
|
ultrashort acting barbiturate - highly lipid soluble barbiturate - given to induce general anesthesia
|
|
|
secobarbital
|
Short to intermediate acting barbiturate
|
|
|
phenobarbital
|
Long-acting barbiturate
|
|
|
classic triad of symptoms caused by barbiturates
|
respiratory depression, coma, and pinpoint pupils
|
|
|
Pharmacologic effects of barbiturates
|
CNS depression
Cardiovascular effects Induction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes |
|
|
Therapeutic uses of barbiturates include
|
Seizure disorders
Induction of anesthesia Insomnia |
|
|
Adverse effects to barbiturates
|
Respiratory depression
Overdose Abuse Injure developing fetus Hangover Paradoxical excitement Intensify attacks of acute intermittent porphyria Hyperalgesia |
|
|
The sleeping state has two primary divisions:
|
1)Rapid eye movement (REM)
2)Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) a.I = relatively light sleep – 5% b.II = relatively light sleep – 50-60% c.III = deep sleep – 10-20% d.IV = deep sleep – 10-20% |
|
|
The drugs of first choice for short-term treatment of insomnia are:
|
Benzodiazepines
|
|
|
The three benzodiazepine-like drugs
|
Zolpidem
Zaleplon, and eszopiclone |
|
|
Trazodone
|
An atypical antidepressant with strong sedative actions (may be used to treat insomnia)
|
|
|
The first-choice drugs for anxiety:
|
Benzodiazepines (The agents prescribed most frequently are alprazolam [Xanax] and lorazepam [Ativan])
|
|
|
Buspirone
|
An anxiolytic drug that differs significantly from the benzodiazepines. Buspirone is NOT a CNS depressant.
It is as effective as the benzodiazepines, and has three distinct advantages: 1) it does not cause sedation, 2) it has no abuse potential, and 3) it does not intensify the effects of CNS depressants. Its major disadvantage is that anxiolytic effects develop slowly: initial responses take a week to appear. For this reason, it is not suitable for PRN use. |
|
|
Antidepressants approved for treatment of GAD:
|
Venlafaxine [Effexor XR] is an atypical antidepressant that is effective for both short-term and long-term use
Paroxetine [Paxil] is an SSRI Escitalopram [Lexapro] is an SSRI |
|
|
The first-line drugs for panic disorder:
|
Benzodiazepines The agents used most often are alprazolam [Xanax], clonazepam [Klonopin], and lorazepam [Ativan]. All three drugs provide rapid and effective protection against panic attacks. However, benzodiazepines may cause sedation and physical dependence
|
