Pharm Exam 1 Chapters 1-5

Front 1

Name the 7 subdivisions of pharmaceutical sciences

Back 1

Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmaceutical toxicology
Pharmacokinetics
Medicinal chemistry
Pharmaceutics
Pharmacogenomics

Front 2

The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on organisms.

Back 2

pharmacology

Front 3

study of the cellular and molecular interactions of drugs with their targets

Back 3

pharmacodynamics

Front 4

study of the harmful or toxic effects of drugs

Back 4

pharmaceutical toxicology

Front 5

study of factors that control the concentration-time relationship of drug at various sites in the body

Back 5

Pharmacokinetics

Front 6

study of drug design to optimize pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and synthesis of new drugs

Back 6

medicinal chemistry

Front 7

study and design of drug formulation for optimum delivery, stability, pharmacokinetics, and patient acceptance

Back 7

Pharmaceutics

Front 8

study of the influence of genetic variation on drug response in patients

Back 8

Pharmacogenomics

Front 9

Any substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease

Back 9

drug

Front 10

What is a drug?

Back 10

any substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease

Front 11

What are the five components of an ideal drug?

Back 11

1 - Has a desirable pharmacological action
2 - Has no side effects
3 - Reaches its intended location in the right concentration at the right time
3 - Remains at the site of action for the necessary period of time
4 - Is rapidly and completely removed from the body when no longer needed

Front 12

What is the site of action of a drug?

Back 12

the location in the body where the drug performs its desired function

Front 13

the location in the body where the drug performs its desired function

Back 13

site of action

Front 14

Drugs work by interacting with _______ found at the site of action

Back 14

target molecules

Front 15

Drug targets are usually biomolecules such as _____, _____, or _____

Back 15

proteins, protein complexes, or nucleic acids

Front 16

A common type of drug target

Back 16

receptor

Front 17

protein on a cell membrane that acts as a drug target

Back 17

receptor

Front 18

Area on a molecule with a specific size and shape and polar characteristics

Back 18

active site

Front 19

This leads to undesirable side effects of drugs, or toxicity:

Back 19

Many drugs bind to more than one type of target and influence physiological or biochemical processes that were not targeted.

Front 20

The trial and error approach to designing new drugs is called _____

Back 20

random screening

Front 21

The systematic approach to drug design is called _____

Back 21

rational drug design

Front 22

_____ are synthetically modified to give new compounds with improved properties

Back 22

Lead compounds

Front 23

______ drugs are produced through biological processes.

Back 23

Biopharmaceutical drugs

Front 24

Dosage form or drug delivery system

Back 24

tablets, patches, inhalers
means by which a drug is introduced into the body, and can also be designed to provide controlled or sustained release of the drug

Front 25

The method and form of administration must consider:

Back 25

The body's protective barriers
the drug's physical and chemical properties
clinical need
patient acceptance

Front 26

Most drugs are given in this manner because patients prefer this administration method

Back 26

orally

Front 27

After oral dosing, the drug must be released from the delivery system and enter the blood stream. this process is called:

Back 27

absorption

Front 28

This refers to distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs after entering the blood stream

Back 28

drug disposition

Front 29

Define drug disposition

Back 29

distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs after entering the blood stream

Front 30

After absorption, circulating blood carries the drug throughout the body in a process called:

Back 30

distribution

Front 31

When does distribution occur?

Back 31

after absorption

Front 32

the process by which enzymes break down drugs for elimination

Back 32

metabolism or biotransformation

Front 33

What is metabolism or biotransformation?

Back 33

the process by which enzymes break down drugs for elimination

Front 34

The process by which drugs and their breakdown products are removed from the body

Back 34

excretion

Front 35

ADME

Back 35

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

Front 36

The study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs in patients is called

Back 36

pharmacotherapeutics

Front 37

The government agency that regulates marketed drug products and approves marketing of new drug products is

Back 37

FDA
Food and Drug Administration

Front 38

The FDA defines a drug product as

Back 38

finished dosage form that contains the drug (called drug substance or active ingredient) in a particular strength, generally in association with one or more other ingredients.

Front 39

Typically it takes an average of ______ for a drug to make it to pharmacy shelves after its first discovery

Back 39

10 years

Front 40

List the major steps in the discovery, development and approval process of drugs.

Back 40

Conduct preclinical research
file investigational new drug application with FDA (IND)
Perform clinical trials, perform toxicology testing, and establish manufacturing and control procedures
File new drug application with the FDA (NDA)
Market drug product, Continue post-marketing surveillance of product

Front 41

What five ways drugs are classified

Back 41

1 - molecular structure
2 - pharmacologic or physiologic effect
3 - mechanism of action
4 - biological target
5 - company that produces it