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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pharmacology
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Science of chemicals that effect a living process
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Toxicology
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The adverse effect of chemicals
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Drug Therapy
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"management" of disease with a medication.
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Drug
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Alters an effect already exisiting in a quantitative manner of changes.
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Phase 1
Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 |
1 - few "healthy" volunteers
2 - few "diseased" people 3 - widespread study 4- marketed with surveillance |
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Schedule 1
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High potential for abuse
Little medicinal benefit mj, heroin, crack, LSD, PCP |
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Schedule II
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High abuse potential
Medicinal Benefit narcotics:morphine & peperdine Stimulants: dextroamphetamine Barbituates: Secobarbital, pentobabital |
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Schedule III
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Lower abuse potential
medicinal benefit combos w/ narctoics: codeine w/ acetaminophen |
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Schedule IV
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Lower Abuse Potential, med. benefit
Benzos - diazepam, alprazolam Phenobarbital |
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Schedule V
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Low abuse potential, med. benefit
Cough syrup w/ narcotics |
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Drug Dosages include...
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Degree of absorption
Volume Distribution Rate of Elimination |
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Drug of Absorption
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rate from 0 to 100%
Depends on route of admin. Depends on dosage form -suppositories are poorly absorbed. |
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Distribution
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ability to cross tissues...the more tissues crossed, the higher the dose & greater potential
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elimination
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renal - dependent on kidney function, disease, & age.
hepatic - disease & age, drug interactions, enzyme induction & enzyme inhibition |
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Additive
Synergy |
2 meds given together to produce an effect equal to the sum effects of each agent.
synregy - 2 meds given together to produce an effect much greater than the sum of the effects on each agent. |
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potentiation -
agonist antagonist |
2 meds given together, but only 1 of the 2 agents possess the required action
agonist - an agent that stimulates a receptor antagonist - an agent that blocks a receptor from being stimulated. |
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Factors that influence drug effects
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body weight
surface area age sex (renal function) disease states genetics immunology |
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Side Effect
Toxic Effect Poison Adverse Effect |
Side effects - unavoidable effect @ proper dose
Toxic effect - avoidable effect due to improper dose Poison - harmful effect even in sm. amounts Adverse effect - unexpected effect but may happen. |
