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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Short -Acting Insulin
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Lispro, Aspart, Regular
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Intermediate -Acting Insulin
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NPH
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Long-acting Insulin
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Glargine, Detemir
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MOA Insulin
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Bind Insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity)
Liver: increase glucose stores as glycogen Muscle: increase glycogen, and prtien synthesis, K uptake Fat: aids TG storage |
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Clinical use INSULIN
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Type 1 and 2 DM, life threatening hypokalemia adn stress induced hyperglycemia
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Toxicities Insulin
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hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity
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Sulfonylureas:
1rst gen |
Tolbutamide, chlorpropamide
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2nd gen sulfonylureas:
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Glyburide
Glimepiride Glipizide |
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MOA of Sulfonylureas
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Close K channel in B-cell membrane, so cell depolarizes triggering insulin release via increase Ca influx
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Sulfonlyureas use:
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type 2 DM: stimulates release of endogenous insulin (useless in 1DM)
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Sulfonylureas Toxicities
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1rst gen: disulfiram rxn
2nd gen: hypoglycemia |
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Biguanides
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metformin
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Metformin MOA
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(unknown) decrease gluconeogenesis, increase glycolysis, decrease glucose
(insulin sensitizer) |
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Metformin clinical use:
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oral hypoglycemic, can be used in pts without islet fxn
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Metformin SE:
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lactic acidosis
( contraindicated in RENAL FAILURE) |
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Glitazones/ Thiazolidinediones:
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Pioglytazone
Rosiglytazone |
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Glitazones MOA
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activate PPAR
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Glitazones use;
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MONOTHERAPY 2DM or combined
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Glitazones SE:
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CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICITIES
HEPATOTOXIC weight gain, edema |
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alpha glucosidaes inhibitors:
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Acarbose
Miglitol |
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alpha glucosidaes inhibitors
(Acarbose , Miglitol) MOA |
inhibit intestinal brush border alpha glucosidase ( delays sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption leading to post prandrial hyperglycemia)
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alpha glucosidaes inhibitors
(Acarbose , Miglitol) use; |
monotherapy 2DM or combined
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alpha glucosidaes inhibitors
(Acarbose , Miglitol) SE: |
GI disturbances
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Mimetics
MOA Use SE |
Pramliintide
decrease glucagon type 2 DM GI disturbances |
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
MOA Use SE |
Exenatide
increase insulin decrease glucagon release type 2 DM nausea, vomiting PANCREATITIS |
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Orlistat MOA
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inhibits pancreatic lipase
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Olistat use
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Long term weight loss
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Orlistat SE
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Steatorrea, GI discomfort, headache, decrease fat soluble vitamin absorption
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Sibutramine MOA
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sympathomimetic NE and serotonin reuptake inhibitor
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Sibutramine Use and SE;
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Weightloss
hypertension and tachycardia |
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PTU & Methimazole MOA
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inhibits organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis
PTU: decrease in periferal conversion of T4 to T3 |
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PTU & Methimazole Use
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hyperthyroidism
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PTU & Methimazole SE
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skin rash
agranulocytosis aplastic anemia |
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Levothyroxine & triiodothyronine MOA
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thryroxine replacement
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Levothyroxine & triiodothyronine use
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hypothyroidism and myedema
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Levothyroxine & triiodothyronine SE
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tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmia
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Demeclocycline MOA
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ADH antagonist ( family member of tetracycline)
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Demeclocycline use:
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SIADH
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Demeclocycline SE:
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Nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, bone abnormalities, teeth discoloration ( remember just like tetracyclines)
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Glucocorticoids
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hydrocortisone, prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone
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Glucocorticoids MOA
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KISS
Kills tcells & eosinophils inhibits macrophage migration] inhibits phosphlipase a2 stabilizes endothelial membrane stimulates protein synthesis |
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Glucocorticoids Use
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addison's dz, inflammation, asthma, inmune suppression
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Glucocorticoids SE
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cushing syndrome( buffalo hump, moon facies, truncal obesity, muscle wasting, easy bruisability, osteoporosis, adrenocortical atrophy) Peptic ulcer, diabetes
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