Pharm Electrolyte Review Test 3

Front 1

colliod oncotic pressure

Back 1

constant osmotic pressure that prevents leakage of plasma out of capillaries into tissue

Front 2

plasma has a protien concentration called?

Back 2

albumin

Front 3

hydrostatic pressure

Back 3

Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall, membrane, or some other structure that encloses the fluid. In this case less than colloid oncotic pressure.

Front 4

excess fluid leads to?

Back 4

edema

Front 5

inadequate fluid leads to?

Back 5

dehydration

Front 6

hypertonic dehydration

Back 6

high serum sodium level >150m/mol/L and low water loss

Front 7

Isotonic dehydration

Back 7

results from a balanced loss of water and electrolytes (by vomiting or diarrhea)

Front 8

hypotonic dehydration

Back 8

results when loss of electrolytes exceeds water loss (over use of diuretics)

Front 9

sensible fluid loss

Back 9

blood loss, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, drains, stoma, surgery, exc.

Front 10

insensible loss

Back 10

fecal - 100ml/day, lung - 400ml/day, skin - 600ml/day

Front 11

crystalliod

Back 11

fluids that supply water and sodium to maintain the osmotic gradient between fluid inside and outside the blood vessels. does not contain colliods.

Front 12

crystalliod therapeutic use

Back 12

Shock, Acute nephrosis, burns, hypoproteinuria, exc.

Front 13

crystalliod side effects and adverse effects

Back 13

these are considered very safe, but can leak out of plasma into cells causing edema. can also dilute the proteins in plasma.

Front 14

common prototype for crystalliod

Back 14

sodium chloride - NaCl

Front 15

colliod

Back 15

substance that increases the colliod oncotic pressure (COP). moves fluid from the interstitial compartment into the vascular compartment.

Front 16

colliod therapeutic action

Back 16

Shock, Acute nephrosis, burns, hypoproteinuria, exc. not as much of a tendency to cause edema.

Front 17

colliod side effects

Back 17

can dilute plasma proteins, and interfere with the function of platelets causing impaired coagulation.

Front 18

colliod prototype

Back 18

Albumin - also a natural protein produced by the liver

Front 19

Blood products

Back 19

oxygen carrying fluids that carry hemoglobin

Front 20

blood product - therapeutic uses and adverse effects

Back 20

therapeutic - acute bleeding, clotting factor, oxygen carrying capacity. Adverse Effects - anaphylaxis and can transmit infections

Front 21

FFP - Fresh Frozen Plasma

Back 21

contains clotting factors but not red blood cells.

Front 22

Cryoprecipitate

Back 22

FFP is frozen then thawed and the precipitate is drawn off and used as an antihemophilliac factor

Front 23

packed red cells

Back 23

plasma is removed, is used to increase O2 carrying capacity, and increase volume

Front 24

whole blood

Back 24

contains both rbc's and plasma, is used to increase volume and O2 carrying capacity

Front 25

<20% (slow loss) What is used?

Back 25

Crystalloids

Front 26

20%-50% (slow) What is used?

Back 26

Colloids

Front 27

>50% (slow) or 20% (acute) What is used?

Back 27

Whole blood or FFP

Front 28

>80% lost

Back 28

for every 5 units of blood given use 1-2u of platelets and 1-2u of FFP to prevent hemodilution

Front 29

acidosis pH and Symptoms

Back 29

<7.35 pH - CNS depression and Coma

Front 30

alkalosis pH and Symptoms

Back 30

>7.45 - CNS Stimulation and convulsions

Front 31

respiratory acidosis causes

Back 31

hypoventilation, airway constriction, damage to medulla

Front 32

respiratory alkalosis causes

Back 32

hyperventilation

Front 33

metabolic acidosis causes

Back 33

severe diarrhea, kidney failure, diabetes mellitus, starvation, excessive ETOH

Front 34

metabolic alkalosis causes

Back 34

prolonged constipation, excessive use of sodium bicarbonate, severe vomiting

Front 35

what is given for alkalosis

Back 35

ammonium chloride or sodium chloride with potassium chloride

Front 36

what is given for acidosis

Back 36

sodium bicarbonate

Front 37

K+

Back 37

Potassium - 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Front 38

Kidneys role in K+

Back 38

Excess is excreted by the kidneys and kidney failure can cause hyperkalemia cause cardiac arrest.

Front 39

K+ mechanism of action

Back 39

muscle contractions, transmission of nerve impulses, and regulation of heart beat

Front 40

K+ therapeutic uses

Back 40

prevention of hypokalemia and irregular HR

Front 41

Symptoms of Hypokalemia (early)

Back 41

anorexia, hypotension, lethargy, mental confusion, muscle weakness, nausea

Front 42

Symptoms of Hypokalemia (late)

Back 42

cardiac effects, neuropathy,