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187 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the drug that inhibits Acetyl CoA to ACh?
Vesimicol
What drug inhibits the uptake of choline?
Hemicholinium
What drug inhibits the release of ACh?
Botulinum Toxin
What drug inhibits the conversion of DA to NE?
Reserpine
What drug inhibits the release of NE?
Guanethidine
What drug stimulates the release of NE?
Amphetamine
What drug inhibits the re-uptake of NE?
Cocaine
TCA's
What receptor stimulates NE release?
Angiotensin II
What receptor inhibits NE release?
M1 & a2
What are the direct-acting cholinomimetics?
Methanacol
Bethanacol
Carbichol
Pilocarpine
What are the indirect-acting cholinomimetics?
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Physostigmine
Edrophonium
Echothiophate
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Tacrine
Donepezil
What are the indirect cholinomimetics used in the tx of Glaucoma?
Physostigmine
Echothiophate
What indirect cholinomimetic crosses the BBB?
Physostigmine
What indirect cholinomimetic is used to reverse NMJ blockade?
Neostigmine
What drug caused the NMJ blockade?
SuccinylCholine
What drug reverses Phase I of SuccinlyCholine?
None; Phase I is IRREVERSIBLE
Why can't Phase I of depolaring muscular blockade be reversed?
It CAN'T be reversed b/c post synaptic membranes are "stuck in" depolarization
What drug reverses Phase II of SuccinlyCholine?
Neostigmine
For what is N-Acetylcysteine used to reverse?
Acetaminophen toxicity
How does AChE-I poisoning present?
*ADDUMBBELSS
Abdominal cramping
Diaphoresis
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Excitation of skeletal muscle
Lacrimation
Secretion
Salvation
What is the tx for AChE-I poisoning?
Atropine followed by...
Pralidoxime (2-PAM)
What is the MOA of Atropine?
AChE-Inhibitor
What are the affects of Atropine?
Blocks SLUD (anti-PS):
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defication
What is toxicity of Atropine?
*Dry as a Bone: Dry eyes/skin (dec'd lacrimation/dec'd sweat)
Hot as a Hare: Warm skin (dec'd sweat --> reflex vasodilation)
Red as a Beet: Flushing (reflex vasodilation secondary to dec'd sweat)
Blind as a Bat: Mydriasis/Cycloplegia (dec'd PS's)
Mad as a Hatter: Confusion/Disorientation (CNS effects on M4/M5 rec's)

NOTE: Decr'd sweating (SS response under PS control) -->
incr'd body temp --> compensatory cutaneous vasodilatory response -->
REFLEX VASODILATION
What is the MOA of Fenoldopam
D1 Agonist
What is the tx for Type II Heart Block?
Atropine followed by…
Pacemaker
What is the MOA of Epinephrine?
B1 > B2 > a1 > a2
What is the MOA of Isoproterenol?
B1 = B2
What is the MOA of NE?
a1/a2 > B1
What is the MOA of Dobutamine?
*Dobutamine has a "B"
B1 > B2
What is the MOA of DA?
*DA has a "D"
D1 = D2 > B > a
What is the MOA of PE?
a1 > a2
What is the MOA of Terbutaline?
B2 > B1
What is the MOA of Cocaine?
Inhibits reuptake of NE
What is the MOA of TCA's?
Block the reuptake of NE & 5-HT
What is a heterocyclic that inhibits the reuptake of 5-HT?
Trazadone
What is a heterocyclic that inhibits the reuptake of NE?
Maprotiline
What is the MOA of Mirtazapine?
a2-antagonist
5-HT-2 & 5-HT-3 antagonist
What drug blocks 5-HT-3 receptors only?
Ondansetron
What drug blocks 5-HT-1D receptors?
Nothing, h/w Sumitriptan is a 5-HT-1D AGONIST
What is the MOA of Venlafaxine?
Block the reuptake of NE, 5-HT, & DA
What are 2 anti-depressants used to tx a pt w/sleep disturbances?
Trazodone
Mirtazapine
What is the DOC for a pt w/depression & sexual dysfunction?
Bupropion
What is the tx for generalized anxiety in a pt with a hx of Etoh addiction?
Buspirone
What is the tx for generalized anxiety in a pt with no hx of Etoh addiction?
Benzodiazapines
What is the MOA of Tranylcypromine?
Non-selective MAO-I
What are the MAO-I's?
*PITS
P = Phenelzine
I = Isocarboxazid
T = Tranylcypromine
S = Selegiline
What is the difference in selectivity between the MAO-I's?
*Non-selective = MAO-IA (A for Anywhere)
Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine
*Selective = MAO-IB (B for Brain)
Selegiline
What is the c/u for the Non-selective MAO-I's?
Atypical Depression
Anxiety
Hypochondriasis
(Non-selective MAO-I's = Tranylcypromine & Phenelzine)
What is the c/u for the selective MAO-I?
Selective MAO-I = Selegiline
c/u = Anti-Parkinsonian
What is the DOC for OCD?
Paroxetine
What is the 2nd line tx for OCD?
Chlormipramine
What is the MOA of Chlormipramine?
Block the reuptake of NE & 5-HT (TCA's)
What are the TCA's?
*CANDID (PASS Program uses DD CAIN)
Clomipramine
Amitriptyline
Nortriptyline
Desipramine
Imipramine
Doxepin
Which TCA is LEAST sedating?
Desipramine
Which TCA has the MOST anti-cholinergic SE's?
Amitriptyline
Which TCA has the LEAST anti-cholinergic SE's?
Nortriptyline
What is the tx for enuresis (bedwetting)?
DOC = Desmopressin (similar to ADH --> H2O Retention)
TCA = Imipramine
What is the DOC for diabetic neuropathy?
Any TCA
What is 2nd line tx for diabetic neuropathy?
Gabapentin
What is the MOA of Gabapentin?
GABA Agonist
What are the GABA-Agonists?
*GBP TV
Gabapentin
Benzodiazepines
Phenobarbital
Topiramate
Valproic Acid
What NT's &/or ions does Topiramate and Valproic Acid affect? What direction?
Inrease GABA
Decrease Na+
What drugs decrease Na+ & is used for the tx of epilepsy?
*Long-Term CPA
Lamotrigine
Topiramate
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Valproic Acid (A = Acid)
What is the DOC for a pt with upper limb spasticity and lower limb flaccidity?
Riluzole
What is the MOA of Riluzole?
Glutamate Inhibitor
What are the drugs that cause Agranulocytosis?
Clozapine
Colchicine
Carbamazepine
PTU
Dapsone
Ticlopidine
Methimazole
What is the tx for Restless Leg Syndrome?
DA Agonist
What are the DA Agonists?
*CPR LAB
Cabergoline
Promipexole
Ropinerole
Levadopa/Carbidopa
Amantidine
Bromocriptine
What are the D2 Antagonists?
D2 Antagonists = Neuroleptics:
Fluphenazine
Thioridazine
Haloperidol
Chlorpromazine
Promazine
What are the SE(s) of D2 Antagonists?
EPS Sx's
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
What are 3 features of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?
Autonomic Instability
Hyperthermia
Muscle Rigidity
What are 3 features of Serotonin Syndrome?
CV Collapse
Hyperparexia
Muscle Rigidity
What is the Tx for Neuroleptic Syndrome?
Dantrolene AND Dopamine Agonist
What are 4 features of EPS and the timeline involved for each feature?
4 Hrs: Dystonia (sustained muscle contractions causing twisting and repetitive
movements or abnormal postures)
4 Days: Akinesia (inability to initiate movement due to difficulty selecting
&/or activating the movement pathway)
4 Wks: Akathisia (unpleasant sensations of "inner" restlessness that manifests
itself with an inability to sit still or remain motionless)
4 Mos: Tardive Dyskinesia (disorder resulting in involuntary, repetitive body
movements having a slow or belated onset)
What is the tx for Dystonia?
Diphenhydramine
Benztropine
Trihexyphenidyl
What is the toxicity of Fluphenazine?
Hyperthermia due to disruption of the thermoregulatory center
What is the toxicity of Thioridazine?
Pigmented Retinopathy
What is/are the SE(s) of Clozapine?
Agranulocytosis
What is/are the SE(s) of Olanzapine?
Weight gain
What is/are the SE(s) of Quetiapine?
Cataracts
What are the drugs that block 5-HT-2 & D2 receptors?
*Its "ATIPical" for OLd CLOZets to "Risper" QUiETly
(they usually squeak loudly!)
ATIPamezole
OLanzapine
CLOZapine
RISPERidone
QUETiapine
Ziprasidone
What is the initial tx for Mania?
Haliperodol
What is the long-term tx of Mania?
Lithium
What is the dx of a pt with a "profile" of middle-aged white woman?
MS or psychotic disorders
What is the dx of a pt with a "profile" of black skin?
HIV
What is the dx of a pt with a "profile" of black female?
Sarcoidosis
What is the dx of a pt with a "profile" of Hispanic?
TB+
What is the dx of a pt with a "profile" of old white man?
CLL or aortic stenosis
What is/are the SE(s) of Topiramate?
Mental dulling
Renal stones
Wt loss
What is/are the SE(s) of Gabapentin?
Movement disorders
Nystagmus
Wt loss
What is/are the SE(s) of Lamotrigine?
SJS
What is/are the SE(s) of Ethosuxamide?
SJS
SLE
Urticaria = mild form of SJS
What is/are the SE(s) of Benzodiazepine?
Sedation
Tolerance
Dependence
What is/are the SE(s) of Phenobarbital?
Sedation
Tolerance
Dependence
Induces P-450
What are the SE's of Phenytoin (one of the top 10 drugs tested on USMLE)?
*Indian men want a wife who is "LIGHT-skinned AND MMPSS"
Lymphadenopathy
Induces P450
Gingival Hyperplasia
Hirsutism
Teratogenic (Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome)
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Diplopia
Megaloblastic anemia
Malignant Hyperthermia
Peripheral Neuropathy
SLE
Sedation
What are the non-selective a-blockers?
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
What is the c/u of the non-selective a-blockers?
Pheochromacytoma
What are the a1-blockers?
Prazosin
Terazosin
Doxazosin
Tamsulosin (a1-A blocker)
What is the c/u of a1-blockers?
HTN
Smooth muscle-predominant BPH
What is the tx for epithelial-predominant BPH?
Finasteride
What is the MOA of Finasteride?
5a-Reductase inhibitor
What are the a2-blockers?
Mirtazipine
Yohimbine
What drugs decrease the secretion of aqueous humor?
*ABC-T
Acetazolamide
Butaxolol
Carteolol
Timolol
If Nitrous Oxide has decr'd lipid solublity & therefore it does not easily go into tissues, is the induction time fast or slow?
Cannot be determined; LIPID solubility indicates Potency & MAC
If Halothane has incr'd lipid solublity & therefore it easily enters tissues, is the potency high or low?
High
What is the toxicity of SuccinylCholine?
Fatal HyperKalemia
What is the tx for osteoarthritis?
Bisphosphonates followed by…
Raloxifene
What is the tx for Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis?
Corticosteroids followed by…
Azathioprine
Methotrexate
IV Immunoglobulin
What is the tx for Polymyalgia Rheumatica?
Corticosteroids:
Low-dose corticosteroids if a/w giant-cell arthritis
High-dose corticosteroids if NOT a/w giant-cell arthritis
What are the IL-1 receptor antagonists?
Anakinra
What is the c/u for IL-1 receptor antagonists?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
What is the containdication for IL-1 receptor antagonists?
Cannot use with a TNF-a inhibitor, therefore you cannot use it with Infliximab
What is an atypical opiod used to control pain?
Tramadole
What is/are the SE(s) of Metolazone?
*Hyper-GLUC:
HyperGlycemia
HyperLipidemia
HyperUricemia
HyperCalcemia
What is the toxicity of Bumetanide?
Bumetanide = Loop Diuretic

*POH-DANG ("POH" for Hy-POH-kalemia):
Pancreatitis (drug-induced)
Ototoxicity
HyPOHkalemia
Dehydration
Allergies (Sulfa)
Nephritis (interstitial)
Gout
What is/are the SE(s) of Quinidine?
Severe rebound HTN
What is/are the SE(s) of Methyldopa?
Positive Coomb's Test
What is the toxicity of Hexamethonium?
Sympatholytic
Severe orthostatic Hypotension
Sexual Dysfunction
Parasympatholytic
Constipation
Blurred Vision
What is/are the SE(s) of Reserpine?
Depression
Diarrhea
What is/are the SE(s) of Guanethidine?
Sexual Dysfunction
Diarrhea
What is/are the SE(s) of Prazosin?
1st-dose Orthostatic Hypotension
Priapism
What is/are the SE(s) of B-Blockers?
Impotence
Exacerbates asthma
Masks hypoglycemia in DM
Cardiovascular efffects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF)
CNS effects (sedation, sleep alteration)
What is/are the SE(s) of Hydralazine?
*SARS
Salt retention
Angina
Reflex tachycardia
SLE-like sx's
What is/are the SE(s) of Minoxidil (OTC Rogaine)?
*SHARP
Salt retention
Hypertrichosis (too much hair)
Angina
Reflex tachycardia
Pericardial effusion
What are the MOPP drugs?
*MOPP
M = Mechlorethamine*
O = Oncovin (aka Vincristine)
P = Prednisone
P = Procarbazine

*aka Mustargen, Mustine, Nitrogen Mustard, or MSD
What are the ABVD drugs?
*ABVD
A = Adriamycin*
B = Bleomycin
V = Vinblastine
D = Dacarbazine

*aka Doxorubicin, Hydroxydoxorubicin, or Hydroxydaunorubicin
What are the CHOP drugs?
*CHOP
C = Cyclophosphamide
H = Hydroxydaunorubicin (aka Adriamycin/Doxorubicin)
O = Oncovin (aka Vincristine)
P = Procarbazine
What are the Antimetabolites?
Antimetabolite = Nucleotide Analogues
Methotrexate
5-FU
6-MP
Cytarabine (ARA-C)
What are the Alkylating Agents?
Alkylating Agent = binds/breaks dsDNA
Bleomycin
Busulfan
Cyclophosphamide
Nitrosoureas
Cisplatin/Carboplatin
Procarbazine
What are the Plant Alkaloids used in chemotherapy?
Plant Alkaloid = Microtubule Inhibitor
Vincristine/Vinblastine
Paclitaxel
Etoposide
What are the non-chemotherapy Plant Alkaloids?
Plant Alkaloid = Microtubule Inhibitor
Colchicine (used to tx Gout)
Griseofulvin (anti-fungal)
What are the Leukemia drugs?
Methotrexate
6-MP
Imantinib
What are the Lymphoma drugs?
Methotrexate
6-MP
Doxorubicin
Bleomycin
Vincristine
Vinblastine
What are the Choriocarcinoma drugs?
Methotrexate
Vincristine
Vinblastine
What are the Sarcoma drugs?
Methotrexate
Doxorubicin
What are the Colon Cancer drugs?
5-FU
Imantinab (stromal)
What are the Solid Tumor drugs?
5-FU
Doxorubicin
What are the Basal Cell drugs?
5-FU
What are the CML drugs?
Busulfan
Imantinib
What are the AML drugs?
Cytarabine (aka ARA-C)
What are the NHL drugs?
*CHOP:
C = Cyclophosphamide
H = Hydroxydaunorubicin (aka Adriamycin/Doxorubicin)
O = Oncovin (aka Vincristine)
P = Procarbazine
What are the Breast Cancer drugs?
Cyclophosphamide
Tamoxifen/Raloxifen
Cisplatin/Carboplatin
Trastuzumab
Paclitaxel
Doxorubicin (solid)
What are the Ovarian Cancer drugs?
Cyclophosphamide
Paclitaxel
Doxorubicin (solid)
What are the Brain Tumor drugs?
Nitrosureas
What are the Bladder Cancer drugs?
Cisplatin/Carboplatin
What are the Testicular Cancer drugs?
Cisplatin/Carboplatin
Bleomycin
Etoposide
What are the Lung Cancer drugs?
Cisplatin/Carboplatin
Etoposide
Doxorubicin
What are the Wilms Tumor drugs?
Dactinomycin
Vincristine/Vinblastine
What are the Ewing's Sarcoma drugs?
Dactinomycin
What are the Rabdomyosarcoma drugs?
Dactinomycin
What are the Prostate Cancer drugs?
Etoposide
What are the GI Stromal Tumor drugs?
Imatinib
What are the Hairy Cell Leumkemia drugs?
Cladribine
What is the DOC for Cancer-associated anorexia?
Megestrol acetate
What is the tx for bony metastasis?
Iduronidase di-sodium
What does the complex of 5-FU-DMP inhibit?
Thymidylate Synthase
By what is 6-MP activated?
HGPTRase
What is the SE(s) of Busulfan?
Pulmonary Fibrosis
What drugs cause Pulmonary Fibrosis?
*BBAT+
Bleomycin
Busulfan
Amiodarone
Tocainide
+Methotrexate & Cormustine
What type of anti-metabolite is ARA-C?
Pyrimadine
What is the tx for ifosfamide toxicity?
MESNA (for ifosfamide/cyclophosphamide toxicity)
What is the MOA of MESNA?
Traps acrolein
What is the MOA of Cisplatin/Carboplatin?
Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemo drug that crosslinks DNA (source = Wikipedia):
1) Hydrolysis of chloride ligands from the platinum complex
2) H2O is easily displaced, allowing the platinum to coordinate to a basic site in DNA
3) Crosslinking of 2 Guanine bases occurs via displacement of the other chloride ligand
4) Crosslinking ultimately triggers apoptosis
What is the treatment of Adriamycin toxicity?
(Adriamycin = Doxorubicin)
Tx = Dexrazoxane
What is the DOC for mild/moderate hypercalcemia seen in malignancy (e.g. Multiple Myeloma)?
Zoledronic Acid
What phase of the cell cycle does Etoposide work?
G2 & late S phases
What is the SE(s) of Prednisone?
Cushings-like syndrome
What is the MOA of Tamoxifen?
Partial estrogen receptor agonist (endometrium) AND antagonist (breast)
What is the MOA of Trastusumab?
Monoclonal antibody to HER-2 receptors
What phase of the cell cycle will not occur with Vincristine/Vinblastine?
Anaphase
What phase of the cell cycle will not be complete with Vincristine/Vinblastine?
Metaphase
What is the MOA of Paclitaxel?
Hyperstablizes the microtubles so that they cannot be breaken down
What phase of the cell cycle will not occur with Paclitaxel?
Anaphase
What is the MOA of Cyclosporine?
Inhibits Calcineurin, therefore IL-2 (which comes from Th-1 cells) is not made
What is the MOA of Tacrolimus?
Tacrolimus binds FK binding protein, forming a complex which interacts with and inhibits Calcineurin, therefore IL-2 (which comes from Th-1 cells) is not made
What is the MOA of Azathioprine?
DNA synthesis inhibitor: Anti-metabolite derivative of 6-MP
Wikipedia: Azathioprine is a DNA synthesis inhibitor, as it is converted to a purine analogue inhibiting the proliferation of cells, especially leukocytes. It is an effective drug used alone in certain autoimmune diseases, or in combination with other immunosuppressants in organ transplantation.
What is the "specific" c/u for Azathioprine?
Renal transplants
What is the SE(s) of Azathioprine?
Drug-Induced Pancreatitis
What is the c/u for Aldesleukin?
(Aldesleukin = IL-2)
Renal cell carcinoma and metestatic melenoma
What is the c/u for Epoetin?
Anemias
What is the MOA of Sargramostim?
GM-CSF (Granulocyte/Macrophage - Colony Stimulating Factor)
What is the c/u of INF-a?
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Kaposi's Leukemia
Malignant Melanoma
Carcinoid
What is the c/u of INF-B?
MS
What drugs are used to tx MS?
INF-beta
Glatiramer Acetate
What is the c/u of INF-gamma?
CGD (NADPH oxidase deficiency)
What is the c/u of Oprelvekin?
(Oprelvekin = IL-11)
Thrombocytopenia