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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sulfanomides are structurally similar to what chemical compound
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PABA (p-aminobenzoic acid) (bacterial folic acid precursor)
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name the short, intermediate, and long acting sulfonamides
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sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadoxine respectively
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trimethoprim is structurally similar to what chemical compund?
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folic acid
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MOA of sulfonamides
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competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase
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MOA of trimethoprim
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selective inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase
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common mechanism of resistance to trimethoprim
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production of dihydrofolate reductase w/ lower afinity for the drug
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what is the importanc of folic acid?
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it is required for the synthesis of purines
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sulfonamides used for burn infections
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mafenide or silver sulfasalazine
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DOC for toxoplasmosis
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sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
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DOC for p. pneumonia infection in immunocompromised pts?
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TMP-SMX
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DOC for nocardiosis
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TMP-SMX
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SE of sulfonamides
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allergic reaction, polyarteritis nodosa, Stevens-Johnsons syndrome, NVD, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, hemolysis in pts w/ glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficency, crystalluria and hematuria from precipitation at low pH, transient increase in warfarin and methotrexate plasma lvls, risk of kernicterus of neonate if used in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy
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SE of trimethoprim
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Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
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used to aleviate side effects for therapy
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folinic acid
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name the fluoroquinolones
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norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxicin
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renal excretion of fluroquinolones can be blocked by what?
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probenecid
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MOA of fluroquinolones
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inhibition of topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) especially in gram negative bacteria, and topoisomerase IV especially in gram positive bacteria
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SE of fluroquinolones
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rash, headache, dizzyness, insomnia, abnormal LFTs, phototoxicity, tendinitis, opportunistic infection by C. albicans, not recommended for children or in pregnancy because of cartilage problems
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SE of newer fluoroqunolones (gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)
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QTc prolongation
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