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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vasodilators promote blood flow to the extremities by
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relaxing the smooth muscles of the blood vessels
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Adverse reactions caused by nitroglycerin include
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flushing and headaches
postural hypotension dizziness and fainting |
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Drugs that interact with nitrates include
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alcohol
antihistamines antidepressants |
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What symptoms or diseases are peripheral vasodilating agents used for
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nocturnal leg cramps
Raynaud's disease |
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Vasodilator medications are used to treat pain in the legs because of their effect on
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peripheral arterial system
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Side effects produced by peripheral vasodilating agents include
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severe hypotension
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Cardiovascular drugs affect which systems
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urinary system
cardiovascular system |
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Precautions needed to keep in mind when applying topical nitrates include
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find a hairless spot to apply medication
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The cardiovascular system is made up of the
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heart and blood vessels
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Precautions needed to keep in mind when administering nitrates include
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take BP prior to administration
have the patient sitting or lying down prior to administration wash hands after applying topical forms of nitrates |
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Mr, Stetson, age 69, experiences frequent attacks of angina pectoris. His BP is elevated, and he has glaucoma. He is also a heavy beer drinker. Mr Stetson should:
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be started on a prophylactic therapy with long acting nitrates
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Ms. Watson has been taking nitroglycerin to prevent anginal attacks. In assessing Ms. Watson before she leaves the hospital, you should instruct her on
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watching for skin rash, itching, or irritation, at the patch site
avoid large amounts of foods that stimulate the heart keeping a record of every anginal attack |
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Mr. Teldrin has been instructed to take nitroglycerin sublingually for anginal pain. What instruction would you give him
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If pain is not relieved in 5 min. take a second dose. A third dose may be taken in another 5 min.If pain is not relieved with the 3 doses go to ER
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If anginal pain is not relieved after taking 3 doses of nitro you might suspect
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patient may be having a myocardial infraction
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How often should nitro be changed
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every 3 months
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The usual path that an impulse from the normal pacemaker of the heart passes through is
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SA node, Purkinje fibers,AV node, right and left bundle branches, bundle of his
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Dysrhythmias that occur and affect the heart are caused by
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increased sensitivity of the cells in the pacemaker of the heart and abnormal pathways
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Class IV antidysrhythmic meds have effect of
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blocking the ability of calcium to enter cells of the heart
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What is the action of quinidine
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slowing the fast inward current of sodium
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The doctor orders a bolus of lidocaine
to be given stat. Why would this be used along with quinidine |
Quinidine is a class I drug and lidocane is a class II drug, which can be used together
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Very slow, irregular heart rate, and takes pranolol [Inderal] for migraine headaches. What has happened
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Having bradycardia from antidysrhythmic
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Atrial tachycardia of 160 beats/min. Which med would be ordered
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dofetilide [Tikosyn]
Class II, beta blocker |
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Patients being discharged from hospital and who are taking antidysrhythmic meds should be taught
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do not skip dose or take double dose
report sudden weight gain, trouble breathing, or increased coughing use caution driving or doing tasks that require alertness |
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Toxic effects of quinidine are called cinchonism and symptoms include
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ringing in the ears [tinnitus]
lightheadedness and vertigo nausea and vomiting |
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An ECG [electocardiogram] is used to determine what
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heart rhythm
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Lipoproteins are
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composed of different proportions of high density and low density lipids
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4 types of lipoprotein complexes are
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chylomicrons
very low-density lipoproteins low-density lipoproteins high-density lipoproteins |
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Hyperlipoproteinemia refers to
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defects in lipid transport and abnormal lipoprotein pattern
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Abnormal elevations of lipids may produce
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atherosclerosis
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Bile acid sequestrants act by
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forming insoluble complexes with bile salts, increasing bile loss through the feces
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Antihyperlipidemic agents from the class of fibric acid derivatives are used to
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lower triglycerides and increase HDL levels
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Lovastatin is in which class of antihyperlipidemic agents
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
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Treatment for hyperlipoproteinemia include
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drug therapy
diet management exercise and weight reduction |
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Niacin causes what uncomfotable side effect
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facial flushing
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Items to stress in teaching patients who are taking antihyperlipidemics are
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notify doc if you develop any bleeding or other persistent problems involved with your digestion or bowels
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The positive inotropic action of digoxin
refers to the ability to increase the |
force of contraction
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Cardiotonic drugs are used to treat chronic heart failure because they help in
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slowing the heart rate
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Symptoms of chronic heart failure include
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excessive fatigue, lethargy
rapid weight gain, shortness of breath edema of hands & feet |
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Symptoms of digitalis toxicity include
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dysrhythmias, bradycardia, visual changes, headache, drowsiness,nausea, vomiting, diarreha
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potassium-rich foods include
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dried beans & lentils, bananas, citrus fruits, all bran cereals
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digitalizing dose refers to the
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initial loading dose
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cardiotonic med used for short-term treatment of heart failure
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dobutamine
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signs of effective digitalis therapy are
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edema decreased, urinary output has increased, weight has dropped, pulmonary congestion has decreased, and pulse rate is 80 beats/min
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The ability of a drug to influence the velocity or speed of the electrical impulses through the heart is called
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dromotropic action
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Organs affected in target organ damage include
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brain, heart, kidney
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High BP resulting from a known disease or other problem is known as
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secondary hypertension
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Systolic BP is a reflection of
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the highest amount of pressure in the arterial system in mm Hg
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Diastolic BP is a reflection of
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lowest amount of pressure in the arterial system measured in mm Hg
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BP of 150/94 would be classified as
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stage 1 hypertension
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Treatment for hypertension should begin
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as soon as it is detected
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Diuretics are used in hypertension to
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promote fluid loss from the body
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Beta blockers are antihypertensive drugs that reduce BP through
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stimulating the alpha & beta sites
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ACE inhibitors are used for hypertension control because they will
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inhibit the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotension II
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Vasodilators reduce both systolic and diastolic BP through
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direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
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Slow channel calcium entry blocking agents work through
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inhibiting the passage of extracellular calcium ions through cardiac cell membrane, producing decreased
peripheral vascular resistance |
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therapeutic goal of hypertension therapy
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decrease target organ damage, reduce BP to normal or near normal
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Drug of choice to start for patients who need to add drug therapy to their plan to reduce their BP
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hydrochlorothiazide
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Drugs to treat hypertension
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beta blockers end in "lol"
ACE inhibitors end in "pril" angiotensin II receptor antagonists end in "sartan" |
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Thiazide therapy adverse reactions
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hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance, impotence
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Beta-adrenergic blockers adverse reactions
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bradycardia,fatigue, bizarre dreams
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First-dose syncope is associated with which antihypertensive class
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alpha-adrenergic blockers
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Which diuretic does not cause hypokalemia
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spironolactone
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Dosage related reaction to propranalol, a Beta-andrenergic blocker are
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dizziness, shortness of breath,slow pulse
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What do you need to teach a patient about taking prazosin for high BP
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first dose must be taken in docs office or hospital and remain there so reaction can be evaluated. can pass out after taking first dose
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Examples of electrolytes that circulate in the blood
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potassium, phosphorus, chloride, sodium
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Dehydration can occur due to what conditions
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vomiting & diarrhea
sweating & hyperventilating |
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Symptoms of dehydration
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dry skin, lack of sweat, decreased urinary output, hypotension, tachycardia
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digoxcin
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cardotonic
increase contraction strenghth of force slow heart rate |
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lidocaine
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antidysrhythmic class 1B
increase strength of electrical impulses |
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atorvastatin
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
highly effective in lowering LDL levels |
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nitroglycerin
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nitrate
acute anginal attacks reduce work load of heart |
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clonidine
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central adrenergic inhibitor
cause vascular relaxation & lower BP |
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catopril
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ACE inhibitor
reduce BP |
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nifedipine
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calcium channel blocker
lowered peripheral vascular resistence and a fall in systolic and diastolic BP |
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hydrochlorothiazide
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Thiazides & Sulfonamide
drug of choice to start with |
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phenazopyridine
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urinary tract analgesic
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propranolol
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beta blocker
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verapamil
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calcium channel blocker
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furosemide
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loop diuretic
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spironolactone
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potassium-sparing diuretic
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