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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hydrochlorothiazide
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thiazide diuretic
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furosemide
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loop diuretic
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spironolactone
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K sparing
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Lisinopril
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ACE inhibitor
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Losartan
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Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
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nitroprusside
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direct vasodilator
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hydralazine
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direct vasodilator
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verapamil
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Ca+ entry blockers
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nifedipine
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Ca+ entry blocker
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clonidine
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sympathetic agents working w/in the CNS
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trimethaphan
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sympathetic agent that works on autonomic ganglia
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reserpine
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sympathetic agents that work on the post ganglionic neurons
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atenolol
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blocks peripheral adrenergic receptors
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prazosin
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blocks peripheral adrenergic receptors
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labetolol
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blocks peripheral adrenergic receptors
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the mechanism of hyrdochlorothiazide
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blocks Na and CL reabsorption after glomerular filtration
also decreases SVR |
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side effects / toxicity for hydrocholorothiazide
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Na,CL depletion
hypokalemia, hypomagnesi hyperuricemia doesnt work in pts with renal disease (would use loop diuretic instead) |
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mechanism of ACE inhibitor
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decreases aldosterone (decreasing Na retention)
decreases vasoconstriction otherwise caused by angiotensin II increases bradykinin (which is normally broken down by angiotensin II) |
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onset, duration and peak of lisinopril
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ACE Inhibitor
onset 1 hour peak 6 hours duration 24 hours |
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major uses of lisinopril
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ACE inhibitor
used in managing pts with CHF and pts after MI |
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ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in pts already on
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diuretics
hypotension! also they cause hyperkalemia so you would not want to use an ACE inhibtor if a pt is on spironolactone |
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why might Losartan be a good choice for a diabetic
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Losartan is a ARB (angiotensin II Receptor Blocker) it preserves renal function and decreases the nephrotoxicity of diabetes
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why would you probably use a vasodilator in conjunction with a Beta Blocker and a diuretic
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when vasodilation occurs you get reflex stimulation of the heart which increases M. contractility, HR etc. It also causes an increase in plasma renin. This can have undesirable effects in individuals who are predisposed to angina, MI, cardiac failure.
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why must you give nitroprusside as a continuous infusion
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rapid onset (minutes) and rapid cessation (minutes)
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use of nitroprusside might lead to an accumulation of
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CN- because nitroprusside is metabolized into CN- and NO
causes decreased blood flow to the brain |
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which drug may result in reversible lupus like syndrome
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hydralazine (direct vasodilator)
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what is the mechanism of verapamil
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inhibits influx of Ca through slow channesl.
dilates peripheral arterioles negative inotropic effect |
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Verapamil is used to treat
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it is a Ca2+ entry blocer
angina supraventricular tachyarrhythmias decreases afterload and Myocardial O2 consumption |
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what vasodilator might you use to treat a hypertensive emergency
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nitropursside
acts w/in minutes but requires continious infusion. results in cyanide ion production which can causes toxicitybut you can treat this too (with sodium thiosulfate) |
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what non-selective adrenergic blocker might you give to someone w/ a hypertensive emergency
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Labetalol
intravenous bolus or infusion. does not cause reflex tachycardia. rapid onset (5-10 minutes) duration 30 mins carries all the contraindications of a nonselective beta blocker |
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In what kind of patients wold you not use a thiazide diuretic
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more side effects in geriatric pts
pregnancy ineffective in patients with renal disease |
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how does verapamil affect AV conduction
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is Ca channel blocker and decreases AV conduction
so used to treate angina and supraventricular tachycardia |
