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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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These specific disrupt fungal cell membranes
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amphotericin B, nystatin, fluconazole/azoles (FAN the fungal cell membranes)
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Anti-fungal therapy
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Mechanism of action of the anti-fungal therapy polyenes.
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Form artificial pores in the cytoplasmic membrane.
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Mechanism of action of the anti-fungal therapies terbinafine and azoles.
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Terbinafine blocks the conversion of squalene to lanosterol. Azoles block the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol.
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Mechanism of action of the anti-fungal therapy flucytosine.
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Blocks the production of purines from the precurors.
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Mechanism of action of the anti-fungal therapy griseofulvin.
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Disrupts microtubles.
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Amphotericin B
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Mechanism of action of Amphotericin B. 2
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Binds ergosterol (unique to fungi); forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes and disrupt homeostasis. "Amphotericin 'tears' holes in the fungal membrane by forming pores."
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Clinical uses of Amphotericin B. 3
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Used for a wide spectrum of sytemic mycoses. Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Candida, Mucor (systemic mycoses). Intrathecally for fungal meningitis; does not cross blood-brain barrier.
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Symptoms of Amphotericin B toxicity. 5
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Fever/chills (shake and bake), hypotension, nephrotoxicity, arrhythmias (amphoterrible)
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Nystatin
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Mechanism of action of Nystatin.
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Binds to ergosterol, disrupting fungal membranes; polyene
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Clinical use of Nystatin.
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Swish and swallow; for oral candidiasis (thrush).
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Drugs? 6
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flucon, ketocon, clotrim, micon, intracon, voricon
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Mechanism of action
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Inhibits fungal steroid (ergosterol) synthesis.
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Clinical uses 5
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K for chronic mucocutaneous candida; F for candida, cocciodes, cyptococcus; I for blasto, sporo, aspergil, occc, crypt, histo
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Symptoms of toxicity. 4
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Hormone synthesis inhibition (gynecomastia), liver dysfunction (inhibits cytochrome P-450), fever, chills.
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Flucytosine
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Mechanism of action of Flucytosine.
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Inhibits DNA synthesis by conversion to fluorouracil, which competes with uracil.
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Clinical uses of Flucytosine. 1
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Used in sytemic fungal infections (e.g. Candida, Cryptococcus,chromoblasto).
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Symptoms of Flucytosine toxicity. 4
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N/V/D, bone marrow suppression.
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Caspofungin
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Mechanism of action for Caspofungin.
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Inhibits cell wall synthesis by beta 1-2 glycan
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Clinical use of Caspofungin. 2
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Invasive aspergillosis, disseminated candida.
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Symptoms of Caspofungin toxicity. 2
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GI upset, flushing.
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Terbinafine
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Mechanism of action of Terbinafine.
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Inhibits the fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase.
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Clinical use of Terbinafinel.
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Used to treat dermatophytoses (especially onychomycosis).
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Griseofulvin
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Mechanism of action of Griseofulvin. 3
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Interfers with microtubule function; disrupts mitosis. Deposits in keratin-contianing tissues (e.g. nails).
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Clinical use of Griseofulvin. 2
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Oral treatment of superficial infections; inhibits growth of dermatophytes (tinea, ringworm).
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Symptoms of Griseofulvin toxicity. 5
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Teratogenic, carcinogenic, confusion, headaches, increase warfarin metabolism.
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