Pharm Ans Summary

Front 1

What is the transmitter of the sympathetic pregangions?

Back 1

Ach

Front 2

What is the transmitter of the parasympathetic preganglions?

Back 2

Ach

Front 3

What is the transmitter of the sympathetic post ganglions?

Back 3

Norepi and Epi

Front 4

What is the transmitter at the parasympathetic post ganglions?

Back 4

Ach

Front 5

What are the 3 catecholamines? What do these resemble?

Back 5

Epi, Norepi, Dopamine

They resemble sympathomimetic amines

Front 6

What is the process of synthesis of catecholamines?

Back 6

L-tyrosine --> L-DOPA --> Dopamine --> NOrepi --> Epi

Front 7

What are the adrenoreceptors? What targets these?

Back 7

Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2

Targeted by catecholamines

Front 8

What effects do alpha 1 receptors have?

Back 8

Vasoconstriction, Mydriasis, Increased closure of internal sphincter of bladder

Front 9

What effects do alpha 2 receptors have?

Back 9

Negative feedback:

Inhibition of norepi release, inhibition of ach release, inhibition of insulin release

Front 10

What effects do beta 1 receptors have?

Back 10

Increased HR
Increased Contractility
Increased lipolysis
Increased release of renin

Front 11

What effects do beta 2 receptors have?

Back 11

Bronchodilation,
Peripheral vasodilation,
Increased muscle and liver glycogenolysis,
Increased release of glucagon,
Relaxed uterine smooth muscle

Front 12

What receptors does epinephrine stimulate?

Back 12

At low doses: beta
At high doses: alpha

Front 13

What receptors does norepinephrine stimulate?

Back 13

Mostly alpha

Front 14

What receptors does Isoproterenol stimulate?

Back 14

Beta 1 and Beta 2

Front 15

What receptors does Dopamine stimulate?

Back 15

Beta 1, Alpha 1, D

Front 16

What receptors does Phenylephrine stimulate?

Back 16

Pure alpha, mostly alpha 1

Front 17

What receptors does Dobutamine stimulate?

Back 17

Beta 1

Front 18

What receptors does Vasopressin stimulate?

Back 18

V1, V2

Front 19

What are 5 Direct Alpha agonists?

Back 19

Epinephrine (high dose),
Norepinephrine,
Dopamine,
Phenylephrine,
Alpha 2 agonists

Front 20

What are 4 direct beta agonists?

Back 20

Epinephrine (low dose),
Isoproterenol,
Dopamine
Dobutamine

Front 21

What are 4 Alpha 2 agonists?

Back 21

Clonidine, Guarabenz, Guanfacine, Alpha-methylnorepinephrine

Front 22

What are 8 Direct acting adrenergic agonists?

Back 22

Epinephrine,
Norepinephrine,
Isoproterenol,
Dopamine,
Phenylephrine,
Dobutamine,
Vasopressin,
Alpha 2 agonists

Front 23

What are3 Indirect acting adrenergic agonists?

Back 23

Amphetamine, Cocaine, Tyramine

Front 24

What receptors does amphetamine stimulate?

Back 24

Alpha and beta

Front 25

What receptors does cocaine stimulate?

Back 25

Alpha and beta

Front 26

What are 5 Alpha 1 blockers?

Back 26

Terazosin, Dozazosin,
Prazosin, Alfuzosin, Tamsulosin

Front 27

What are 2 non-selective Alpha 1 blockers?

Back 27

Phenoxybenzamine, Phentolamine

Front 28

What are direct acting cholinergic agonists?

Back 28

Drugs that mimic the effects of acetylcholine by binding directly to cholinoceptors

Front 29

What are 4 direct acting cholinergic agonists?

Back 29

Acetylcholine, Bethanachol, Carbachol, Pilocarpine

Front 30

What receptors does Acetylcholine stimulate?

Back 30

Muscarinic and Nicotinic

Front 31

What receptors does bethanachol stimulate?

Back 31

Muscarinic

Front 32

What receptors does carbachol stimulate?

Back 32

Muscarinic and Nicotinic

Front 33

What receptors does Pilocarpine stimulate?

Back 33

Muscarininc

Front 34

What are acetylcholinesterases?

Back 34

Enzymes that cleave ach to acetate and choline and terminate its actions

Front 35

What are ANTIcholinesterases?

Back 35

REVERSIBLY and indirectly provide a cholinergic action by prolonging the lifetime of ach produced endogenously. Leads to accumulation of ach in synapse.

Front 36

What are 7 Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agionists: Anticholinesterases?

Back 36

Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine

Front 37

What are muscarinic antagonists?

Back 37

Inhibit all muscarinic functions and block the few exceptional sympathetic neurons that are cholinergic such as those innervating salivary and sweat glands. Does not block nicotinic receptors and has little or no action at skeletal nm junction or autonomic ganglia

Front 38

What are 3 muscarinic antagonists?

Back 38

Atropine, Scopalamine, Ipratropium

Front 39

What are 3 types of nicotinic antagonists: ganglionic blockers?

Back 39

Nicotine, Depolarizing neuromuscular blockade, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade

Front 40

What drug is a depolarizing neuromuscular blockade?

Back 40

Succinylcholine

Front 41

What are the two categories of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockades?

Back 41

Aminosteroidal compounds,
Benzylisoquinolinium compounds

Front 42

What are the 4 drugs that are aminosteroidal compounds, a category of nondepolarizing nm blockades?

Back 42

Pancuronium, Pipercuronium, Vecuronium and Rocuronium

Front 43

What are the 5 drugs that are benzylisoquinolinium compounds, a category of nondepolarizing nm blockades?

Back 43

D-tubocuranine, Cistracurium, Doxacurium, Mivacurium, Atacurium