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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Somatic Nervous System
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Role
Movement/motion/ambulation Control voluntary Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Ach) |
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Autonomic Nervous System
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Role
Regulation of the heart, exocrine glands and smooth muscles, respiratory system, GI, Bladder and eyes Control involuntary Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine(Ach) Norepinephrine(NE) Neurons: Afferent: sends impulses to CNS Efferent: receives impulses from the brain and sends those impulses to the effected organ, which is divided into 2 branches-sympathetic/parasympathetic |
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ANS composed of :
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Sympathetic Nervous System
(Adrenergic System) -Parasympathetic Nervous System (Cholinergic system) |
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These two systems function as opposites to balance each other in the body.
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Think of the sympathetic nervous system as the
“fight or flight” system -Think of the as the parasympathetic nervous system “rest and digest” system |
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**Sympathetic Nervous System
(Adrenergic system) |
Neurotransmitter: norepinephrine
-receptors: Alpha1 and Alpha 2 Beta 1 and Beta 2 |
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Drugs that mimic the effect of norepinephrine
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-sympathomimetics
adrenergic agonists |
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Drugs that block the effects of norepinephrine
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-sympatholytics
-adrenergic blockers -adrenergic antagonists |
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** Parasympathetic Nervous System
(cholinergic system) |
-neurotransmitter: acetylcholine
-receptors: nicotinic (neuromuscular) muscarinic (smooth muscle/heart |
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Drugs that mimic acetylcholine
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-parasympathetics
-cholinergic agonists -cholinergic drugs |
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Drugs that block acetylcholine
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parasympatholytics
-anticholinergics -cholinergic antagonists |
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Parasympathetic effects:
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heart: decreases
bronchi: constricts GI : increases GU: increases eye: miosis (constricts) rectum: defacation |
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sympathetic effects:
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heart: increases
bronchi: dilates GI: decreases GU: retention eye: mydrasis: dilates rectum: constipates |
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Physiologic effects of Adrenergics at
specific Receptors ALPHA 1 |
increases force of heart contraction, vasoconstriction
increases blood pressure, dilates pupils, salivary glands decrease secretion, prostate capsule increases contraction |
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Physiologic effects of Adrenergics at
specific Receptors: ALPHA 2 |
dilates blood vessels, produces hypotension, decreases GI
motility and tone |
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Physiologic effects of Adrenergics at
specific Receptors: BETA 1 |
mainly cardiac) increase heart rate and force of contraction
|
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Physiologic effects of Adrenergics at
specific Receptors: BETA 2 |
mainly pulmonary) bronchioles dilate, blood flow increases to
skeletal muscles, GI and bladder relaxation, increase glucose production |
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Epinephrine
Adernergic Agonist *act like receptor |
Acts on more than one receptor (nonselective)
Alpha1, increases the blood pressure Beta1, increases heart rate (tachycardia) Beta2, promotes bronchodilation |
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Epinephrine Uses:
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Anaphylaxis, Shock, Cardiac Arrest
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Epinephrine s/e
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N/V, nervousness, tremors,
agitation, headache, pallor, dizziness, |
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Epinephrine Adverse Rx: Contraindications
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adv. rx: tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, pulmonary edema, palpitations, dyspnea
Contraindications: Cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, Hyperthyroidisms, pregnancy This drug acts rapidly and is given in emergency situations. It may be given IV, SC, or inhaled (not po) |
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Adrenergic Agonists: Albuterol
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inhaled beta 2 agonists used to treat bronchospasm/asthma
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Albuterol MOA
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stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors which relax bronchial smooth muscle
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other Adrenergic Agonists:
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Dopamine (Beta 1 agonist)
IV used in cc to increase BP |
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other Adrenergic Agonists:
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Isuprel: beta 1 & 2 agonist
used to increase CO in CHF dilates bronchial tubes in asthma |
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Adrenergic Antagonists:
BLOCK the effects of the SNS *makes rest/digest effects* |
alpha adrenergic blockers
beta adrenergic blockers |
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Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers
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promote vasodilateion, relaxes smooth muscles in bladder & prostate, constricts pupils
|
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Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers TX
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HTN, Raynaud's (circulation problem,vessel spasms),
prostate enlargement BPH |
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Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers s/e
|
orthostatic hypotension, *reflex tachycardia (body's response to orthostatic hypotension)
dizziness, flushing, HA, edema |
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Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers
Nursing |
change position slowly, VS, safety, I & O
|
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Examples: Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers
azosin |
prazosin (Minipress)
doxazosin (Cardura) terazosin (Hytrin) |
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Beta Adrenergic Blockers
(betablockers) 1 heart, 2 lungs |
Beta 1 : decrease heart rate, decrease force of cardiac output
|
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Beta Adrenergic Blockers
(betablockers) |
Beta 2: constricts bronicholes, inhibits glycogenolysis which decreases BS
*caution w/ diabetics, asthma, COPD |
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Beta Adrenergic Blockers
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Therapeutic Uses: treatment of hypertension, tachycardia,
Angina, MI S/e:Fatigue,dizziness, Nausea, cool extremities, leg pain adverse rx: bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycermia, agranulocytosis, exacerbation of asthma/COPD, dysrythmia, pulmonary Edema, heart failure |
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Ex: of Beta Blockers:
olol |
nonselective: Propranolol (inderal)
beta1/beta2 more potential resp. effects b/c they bind to 2 constrict airway |
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Ex: of Beta Blockers:
olol |
selective:
Atenolol - tenormin beta 1 selective Metoprolol - lopressor beta 1 selective less resp. s/e |
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CHOLINERGICS AND ANTICHOLINERGICS
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Cholinergic drugs mimic
the action of acetylcholine Anticholinergic drugs block the action of acetylcholine |
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Cholinergics/Parasympathomimetics
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Cholinergic neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine (Ach) Cholinergic receptors Muscarinic receptors Stimulate smooth muscle Nicotinic receptors Stimulate skeletal muscle |
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Direct Acting Cholinergic Drug
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Act on muscarinic receptors (smooth muscle)
Decrease heart rate, lower BP, increase peristalsis,stimulate urination, constrict pupils, increase salivation and tears, stimulates bronchial contraction |
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Direct Acting Cholinergic
s/e |
excessive salivation, increased secretion of gastric acid, bronchoconstriction, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, N/V, sweating, urinary frequency, blurred vision
|
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Direct Acting Cholinergic
adv. |
Orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, Asthma attack, heart block and cardiac arrest
|
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Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Drugs
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They are used to increase muscle tone for
clients with the neuromuscular disorder Myasthenia Gravis. They can also be used to treat glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease |
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Indirect- Acting
|
inactivates aChe, to increase amount of ACh
|
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Anticholinergics/Parasympatholytics
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Functions
Dry up secretions and increase heart rate Decrease tremors and rigidity of muscles Relaxes GI tone, motility and decrease secretions |
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Anticholingerics
s/e |
Side effects/adverse reactions
Tachycardia, dry mouth, abdominal distention, palpitations, nasal congestion, photophobia, blurred vision, flushing, urinary retention, constipation |
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Anticholingerics - used to treat
|
Used to treat IBS, Peptic ulcers, Mydriasis, Parkinsons, COPD, Overactive bladder
|
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atropine
emergency drug |
Action: acetylcholine inhibitor, increases heart rate, decreases secretions
Used preoperatively (decrease secretions, lower chance of pneumonia) |
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atropine
contraindications |
glaucome (pupil dilation), MI *stresses heart)
|
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Antiparkinsonism-Anticholinergic Drugs
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Selected anticholinergic drugs for treating parkinsonism or pseudoparkinsonism because of phenothiazines, etc.
|
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pseudoparkinsonism
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occurs because of metal illness drugs
tx: like parkinsons |
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anticholinergics for treating motion sickness
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Scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop)
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) Side effects: dry mouth, visual changes, constipation,hallucinations Tachycardia, urinary retention, hypotension |